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Caucasian Children (caucasian + child)
Selected AbstractsSex-specific association of the human PTPN22 1858T-allele with type 1 diabetesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS, Issue 6 2007C. Nielsen Summary Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a common organ-specific autoimmune disease of complex aetiology, involving the interaction of a large number of disease-associated genes. By comparison of a Danish population sample of 253 Caucasian children and adolescents with T1D and a control group consisted of 354 unrelated healthy blood donors, the present study provides evidence of an isolated association of the disease-associated PTPN22 1858T-allele with T1D to the female sex. Furthermore, the present data suggest that PTPN22 genotypes affect the age of onset in a sex-specific manner. The increased frequency of the risk allele and its association with age at onset in female T1D children and adolescents indicates that the genetic contribution to disease pathogenesis is more prominent in females in this population of Danish patients. [source] Genetic polymorphisms of chitotriosidase in Caucasian children with bronchial asthmaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS, Issue 3 2006S. Bierbaum Summary In humans, two types of chitinases have been identified: chitotriosidase I (CHIT1) and acid mammalian chitinase (AMCase). They are enzymes that cleave chitin, a polysaccharide contained in many different human parasites. So far, only little is known about their function in human and especially in human diseases. Recently we have described association of polymorphisms of AMCase with bronchial asthma in a pediatric population. In this study we were interested in whether CHIT1 is also involved in the genetics of asthma. The amino acid variants Gly102Ser and Ala442Gly, as well as a 24 bp duplication within CHIT1, were typed by means of restriction fragment length polymorphisms on 322 children with asthma and 270 randomly chosen adult controls. Statistical analyses made use of the Armitage's trend test; haplotypes were calculated by famhap and fastehplus. The amino acid variants showed no association with bronchial asthma. The 24 bp duplication, previously shown to completely demolish CHIT1 activity, was also evenly distributed between asthmatics and controls. Finally, the haplotype showed no association with the disease. We conclude from our results that CHIT1 does not play a major role in the development of bronchial asthma in Caucasian children. The results might also imply that the two human chitinases that have been identified so far have quite distinct functions in human diseases even though they have the same substrate. [source] Spacing and crowding among African and Caucasian childrenORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2008EA Mugonzibwa Structured Abstract Authors,,, Mugonzibwa EA, Eskeli R, Laine-Alava MT, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Katsaros C Objective,,, To determine spacing and crowding according to ethnic group, gender and dental emergence stage among Tanzanian African and Caucasian children. Design,,, Cross-sectional epidemiological clinical study. Setting,,, A total of 869 African (428 boys, 441 girls) and 706 Caucasian (319 boys, 387 girls) school children, aged 3½,16 years. Main Outcome Measures,,, Comparison of spacing and crowding between African and Caucasian children according to gender and dental emergence stage. Results,,, Spacing was more often found in the maxilla, while crowding was more common in the mandible. Only during the transition of the maxillary permanent front teeth was there significantly more spacing in Caucasians. No gender differences were found. In both samples spacing decreased during later emergence stages. Crowding was more often found in Caucasian children than in African children. In Caucasian children the frequency of crowding increased with advanced emergence stages, while for Africans the trend was not consistent. Conclusion,,, When planning resources for orthodontic treatment for different populations as well as planning treatment for individuals, ethnic background and emergence stage of the dentition need to be considered. [source] Teacher ratings of behavior among African American and Caucasian children during the first two years of schoolPSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 3 2001David A. Sbarra This article prospectively examines teacher-rated behavior problems and competencies during the first 2 years of formal schooling among African American (n = 190) and Caucasian (n = 350) children. A significant main effect for race was found for both behavior problems and competencies in repeated measures analyses conducted across kindergarten and first-grade teacher ratings. A time × race interaction indicated that teachers rated Caucasian children's competence as stable over time, whereas their African American peers were rated as less competent. According to these data, African American children did not maintain age-appropriate school-based competencies in task orientation and frustration tolerance. No interaction effects were found for a gender × time term for either competencies or behavior problems, suggesting that African American boys do not show more disturbed behavior in the early school years. Behavior trajectories are discussed in terms of the need for competence-enhancing interventions aimed at early school transitions, particularly for African American children. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Autoantibodies to a 140-kd protein in juvenile dermatomyositis are associated with calcinosisARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 6 2009H. Gunawardena Objective The identification of novel autoantibodies in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) may have etiologic and clinical implications. The aim of this study was to describe autoantibodies to a 140-kd protein in children recruited to the Juvenile DM National Registry and Repository for UK and Ireland. Methods Clinical data and sera were collected from children with juvenile myositis. Sera that recognized a 140-kd protein by immunoprecipitation were identified. The identity of the p140 autoantigen was investigated by immunoprecipitation/immunodepletion, using commercial monoclonal antibodies to NXP-2, reference anti-p140, and anti-p155/140, the other autoantibody recently described in juvenile DM. DNA samples from 100 Caucasian children with myositis were genotyped for HLA class II haplotype associations and compared with those from 864 randomly selected UK Caucasian control subjects. Results Sera from 37 (23%) of 162 patients with juvenile myositis were positive for anti-p140 autoantibodies, which were detected exclusively in patients with juvenile DM and not in patients with juvenile DM,overlap syndrome or control subjects. No anti-p140 antibody,positive patients were positive for other recognized autoantibodies. Immunodepletion suggested that the identity of p140 was consistent with NXP-2 (the previously identified MJ autoantigen). In children with anti-p140 antibodies, the association with calcinosis was significant compared with the rest of the cohort (corrected P < 0.005, odds ratio 7.0, 95% confidence interval 3.0,16.1). The clinical features of patients with anti-p140 autoantibodies were different from those of children with anti-p155/140 autoantibodies. The presence of HLA,DRB1*08 was a possible risk factor for anti-p140 autoantibody positivity. Conclusion This study has established that anti-p140 autoantibodies represent a major autoantibody subset in juvenile DM. This specificity may identify a further immunogenetic and clinical phenotype within the juvenile myositis spectrum that includes an association with calcinosis. [source] Age-dependent basal insulin patterns in children with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusionACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2009Agnieszka Szypowska Aims: Identifying age-dependent basal rates in type 1 diabetic children treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Methods: CSII-treated children with type 1 diabetes exhibiting insulin requirement > 0.5U/kg and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) < 8%. The study population was composed of 198 Caucasian children (111 girls) with mean age of 9.8 ± 3.8 years, mean duration of diabetes of 4.3 ± 3.1 years and mean HbA1c value of 6.7 ± 0.7%. Data were evaluated for four age groups (0,6; 6,9; 9,12, 12,18 years). Basal rates records were downloaded from pump memory. HbA1c, weight, height were measured at scheduled visits. Results: Significant differences in the average hourly basal rate between groups were observed: I gr. 0.14 versus II gr. 0.24 versus III gr. 0.39 versus IV gr. 0.72 units/h; p < 0.0001. The average hourly basal rate correlated with age, body weight, BMI, diabetes duration and total insulin daily dose. Insulin peaks were observed for: I gr. , before midnight, II gr. , before midnight and in the early morning, gr. III and IV , in the early morning. Conclusion: Basal insulin infusion rate profiles in well-controlled paediatric patients on CSII reflect the age-dependent amount of basal insulin (20,40%) and affect circadian distribution of insulin needs. [source] Doll-like face: Is it an underestimated clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis?PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 7 2008Mehmet Kose MD Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most prevalant inheritable chronic disease in caucasian children. The clinical syndrome of kwashiorkor is well-recognized complication of CF. The edema of the face can be seen in kwashiorkor. As doll-like face is very rare and underestimated clinical presentation of CF patients complicated with hypoproteinemia we evaluated demographic features and laboratory characteristics of 5 patients diagnosed as CF with doll-like face. Methods: Between June 2005 and January 2008, 115 children were diagnosed as having CF enrolled in our center. Five infants were diagnosed as CF with doll-like face before the age of 6 months participitated in study. Results: The incidence of doll-like face younger than the 6 months of age were 9.4% in our center. 48 infants diagnosed as CF without doll-like face before the age of 6 months participitated in the study as controls (group2). Physical examination revealed doll-like face and pitting edema of lower extremities in group 1. Their weight and length were under the third centile. Laboratory findings of group 1 include: mean hemoglobin 7.6g/dl; mean total protein 4.4 g/dl; albumin 2.3 g/dl. When compared control group in order to; 11.4 g/dl (range 7.6,17.9); 6.2 g/dl (range 4.0,8.8); 4.7 g/dl (range 2.1,5.8). mean hemoglobin, total protein and albumin values were lower in group 1. Conclusion: In a subgroup of patients, doll-like face may be the presenting manifestation of CF. Especially in developing countries clinicians should be aware of in patients with malnutrition and doll-like face and CF should be considered in differential diagnosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:634,637. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] |