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Catheter Size (catheter + size)
Selected AbstractsImpact of different sized catheters on pressure-flow studies in women with lower urinary tract symptomsNEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 2 2005Elisabetta Costantini Abstract Aims This study assessed the impact of two catheters on urinary flow in women undergoing a pressure/flow (P/F) study for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Materials and Methods Women who agreed to undergo urodynamic testing were assigned prospectively to a 7 or 9 Fr catheter in P/F study according to a balanced randomized block design. Exclusion criteria: urinary tract infection, bladder stone or tumor, neuropathy, complete urinary retention, inability to void with catheter in place, free flowmetry volume below 150 ml, and urine volume varying by more than 20% on both free and P/F studies. We compared free flowmetry and P/F flowmetry with a 9 Fr catheter in 126/239 patients (Group A) and with a 7 Fr catheter in 113/239 (Group B). We determined the differences in the P/F results in terms of pre-voided bladder volume, clinical and urodynamic categories, and age groups in the two groups. We compared the diagnosis of obstruction based on Qmax during the P/F study and on Qmax in free uroflowmetry. Results In Groups A and B, the Qmax rate was significantly less (P,<,0.001) in P/F studies. Catheter size did not impact significantly. In patients with cystocele, post-void residue or obstruction flow was reduced more than in the other categories. Qmax diminished with age, by about 15% in women aged 50,60 and by 21% in women over 70 years old. Conclusions Qmax in P/F studies is always reduced independently of catheter size, volume of urine, age, and clinical or urodynamic category. This may have clinical implications when interpreting P/F results and in accurately diagnosing obstruction. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Predisposing factors to phlebitis in patients with peripheral intravenous catheters: A descriptive studyJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 4 2008Esin Uslusoy BSN, MS (Research Assistant) Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predisposing factors in the development of phlebitis in peripheral intravenous (IV) catheterization sites in patients treated with a variety of IV infusion solutions and drugs. Data sources: Systematic observation of 568 IV sites inserted for fluid infusion and drug administration in 355 patients in the Department of General Surgery of a University Hospital in Turkey. A data collection tool was based on standards established by the Infusion Nurses Society. Patients' infusion sites were monitored every 24 h during treatment and for 48 h after discontinuation of the IV. Conclusions: In contrast to the usual findings in the literature, the authors found that infusion through an infusion pump and insertion of catheters in the veins around the elbow increased the risk of phlebitis. Also, the number of times infusions were started led to an increased rate of phlebitis. However, conflicting results were obtained about the relation between phlebitis, gender, and catheter size. Implications for practice: Phlebitis causes sepsis, pain, additional diagnostic investigations, and treatments, and may lead to increased duration of hospitalization, patient's stress level, and financial burden, as well as increasing staff workload. Advanced practice nurses need to be aware of the factors that increase the likelihood of phlebitis and take appropriate measures to prevent it. [source] Impact of different sized catheters on pressure-flow studies in women with lower urinary tract symptomsNEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 2 2005Elisabetta Costantini Abstract Aims This study assessed the impact of two catheters on urinary flow in women undergoing a pressure/flow (P/F) study for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Materials and Methods Women who agreed to undergo urodynamic testing were assigned prospectively to a 7 or 9 Fr catheter in P/F study according to a balanced randomized block design. Exclusion criteria: urinary tract infection, bladder stone or tumor, neuropathy, complete urinary retention, inability to void with catheter in place, free flowmetry volume below 150 ml, and urine volume varying by more than 20% on both free and P/F studies. We compared free flowmetry and P/F flowmetry with a 9 Fr catheter in 126/239 patients (Group A) and with a 7 Fr catheter in 113/239 (Group B). We determined the differences in the P/F results in terms of pre-voided bladder volume, clinical and urodynamic categories, and age groups in the two groups. We compared the diagnosis of obstruction based on Qmax during the P/F study and on Qmax in free uroflowmetry. Results In Groups A and B, the Qmax rate was significantly less (P,<,0.001) in P/F studies. Catheter size did not impact significantly. In patients with cystocele, post-void residue or obstruction flow was reduced more than in the other categories. Qmax diminished with age, by about 15% in women aged 50,60 and by 21% in women over 70 years old. Conclusions Qmax in P/F studies is always reduced independently of catheter size, volume of urine, age, and clinical or urodynamic category. This may have clinical implications when interpreting P/F results and in accurately diagnosing obstruction. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Determinants of Lesion Sizes and Tissue Temperatures During Catheter CryoablationPACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 5 2007MARK A. WOOD M.D. Background:Factors which influence lesion size from catheter-based cryoablation have not been well described. This study describes factors which influence lesion size during catheter cryoablation. Methods and Results:Cryoablation was delivered to porcine left ventricular myocardium in a saline bath using 4- or 8-mm electrode catheters. Ablation was delivered with the electrodes either vertical or horizontal to the tissue and both with and without superfusate flow over the electrode. The effect of electrode contact pressure was tested. Lesion dimensions were measured. All experiments were duplicated to measure tissue temperatures at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-mm deep to the ablation electrode. The 8-mm electrode produced lower tissue temperatures and larger lesion volumes when compared with the 4-mm electrode (all P < 0.05). Superfusate flow slowed the rate of tissue cooling, markedly warmed tissue temperatures, and reduced lesion volume when compared with no flow conditions. By linear regression modeling, lesion sizes and tissue temperatures were related to the presence of superfusate flow, electrode orientation, contact pressure and electrode size, or catheter refrigerant flow rate (r2 for models = 0.90,0.96, all P < 0.001). Electrode temperature predicted lesion size or tissue temperatures only when analyzed independent of electrode size or refrigerant flow rate. Conclusions:Lesion sizes and tissue temperatures during catheter cryoablation are related to convective warming, electrode orientation, electrode contact pressure, and any of the following: electrode size, catheter refrigerant flow rate or electrode temperature. However, electrode temperature may be a poor predictor of lesion size and tissue temperature for a given catheter size. [source] Flow Visualization Study of a Novel Respiratory Assist CatheterARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 6 2009Stephanus G. Budilarto Abstract Respiratory assist using intravenous catheters may be a potential therapy for patients with acute and acute-on-chronic lung failure. An important design constraint is respiratory catheter size, and new strategies are needed that enable size reduction while maintaining adequate gas exchange. Our group is currently developing a percutaneous respiratory assist catheter (PRAC) that uses a rotating bundle of hollow fiber membranes to enhance CO2 removal and O2 supply with increasing bundle rotation rate. In this study, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to analyze the fluid flow patterns and velocity fields surrounding the rotating fiber bundle of the PRAC. The goal of the study was to assess the rotational flow patterns within the context of the gas exchange enhancement that occurs with increasing fiber bundle rotation. A PRAC prototype was placed in a 1-in. internal diameter test section of an in vitro flow loop designed specifically for PIV studies. The rotation rate of the PRAC was varied between 500 and 7000 rpm, and PIV was used to determine the velocity fields in the primary (r -,) and secondary (r - z) flow planes. The secondary flow exhibited time-varying and incoherent vortices that were consistent with the classical Taylor vortices expected for Taylor numbers (Ta) corresponding to the rotation speeds studied (2200 < Ta < 31 000). In the primary flow, the tangential velocity exhibited boundary layers of less than ½ mm adjacent to the fiber bundle and vessel wall. The estimated shear stress associated with the Taylor vortices was approximately 11 dyne/cm2 at 7000 rpm and was over 10 times smaller than the shear stress in the primary flow boundary layers. [source] | ||||||||||