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Selected AbstractsHerbivore-induced plant volatiles as cues for habitat assessment by a foraging parasitoidJOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2007CEDRIC TENTELIER Summary 1Animals usually require information about the current state of their habitat to optimize their behaviour. For this, they can use a learning process through which their estimate is continually updated according to the cues they perceive. Identifying these cues is a long-standing but still inveterate challenge for ecologists. 2The use of plant cues by aphid parasitoids for the assessment of habitat profitability and the adaptation of patch exploitation was studied. Grounding on predictions from optimal foraging theory, we tested whether parasitoids exploited host patches less intensively after visiting heavily infested plants than after visiting plants bearing fewer aphids. 3As predicted, after visiting heavily infested plants parasitoids reduced their residence time and attacked fewer hosts in the next patch. This was the case regardless of whether the aphids were actually present on the first plant, indicating that the cue came from the plant. Moreover, the level of infestation of a plant at some distance from the first plant visited affected parasitoid patch exploitation on the second plant in a similar manner, indicating that the cue was volatile. 4These results highlight a novel role of herbivore-induced volatiles in parasitoid foraging behaviour, different from the widely studied attraction at a distance. [source] Effect of an episode of critical illness on subsequent hospitalisation: a linked data studyANAESTHESIA, Issue 2 2010T. A. Williams Summary Healthcare utilisation can affect quality of life and is important in assessing the cost-effectiveness of medical interventions. A clinical database was linked to two Australian state administrative databases to assess the difference in incidence of healthcare utilisation of 19 921 patients who survived their first episode of critical illness. The number of hospital admissions and days of hospitalisation per patient-year was respectively 150% and 220% greater after than before an episode of critical illness (assessed over the same time period). This was the case regardless of age or type of surgery (i.e. cardiac vs non-cardiac). After adjusting for the ageing effect of the cohort as a whole, there was still an unexplained two to four-fold increase in hospital admissions per patient-year after an episode of critical illness. We conclude that an episode of critical illness is a robust predictor of subsequent healthcare utilisation. [source] Electrochemical Oxidation of Benzoic Acid Derivatives on Boron Doped Diamond: Voltammetric Study and Galvanostatic ElectrolysesCHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 8 2006B. Louhichi Abstract The electrochemical oxidation of aqueous wastes polluted with benzoic and salicylic acids and phthalic anhydride on boron-doped diamond electrodes has been studied. The complete mineralization of the organic waste has been obtained in each case regardless of the nature of the compound, composition of the solution, and current density. Different voltammetric behaviors between benzoic acid, salicylic acid, and phthalic anhydride were obtained in the voltammetric study, but no differences in the electrochemical oxidation of the three compounds seems to exist in the bulk electrolyses study. The total mineralization of the three compounds at different current densities confirms that the oxidation must occur directly on the electrode surface and/or by hydroxyl radicals generated by decomposition of water and/or by other oxidants electro-generated from the sulfate oxidation. [source] Transforming growth factor ,1 (TGF,1) expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients as related to prognosisJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 3 2003Angela F. Logullo Abstract Background:, Transforming growth factor ,1 (TGF,1) is a negative growth regulator in keratinocytes, and in vitro studies lead to the concept that loss of TGF,1 responsiveness is a critical step in epithelial carcinogenesis. Objective:, To investigate the prognostic relevance of TGF,1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Materials and methods:, TGF,1 distribution was determined by immunohistochemistry in oral cavity/oropharynx (n = 79), larynx (n = 36) and hypopharynx (n = 25) tumors and in matched normal adjacent mucosa. TGF,-type I and II receptors were determined in 20 cases of differentiated oral cavity/hypopharynx tumors. Cases were considered positive if displaying reactivity in >10% of the cells. Results:, TGF,1-positive expression was found in 47.2% of larynx, 36.7% of oral cavity/oropharynx and in 24% of the hypopharynx tumors. Reactivity in >60% of the cells was displayed only by 11.4% of HNSCC. All normal controls were positive. TGF,1-positive expression did not correlate with clinico pathological parameters. An association with differentiation was verified only in oral cavity/oropharynx tumors (P , 0.001). TGF,1 was also not related to 5 years survival (Kaplan,Meier). Strong and diffuse expression of TGF,-RII was identified in 19/20 cases regardless of TGF,1 immunoreactivity. Out of 17 TGF,1-positive oral cavity/oropharynx tumors, only nine expressed TGF,-RI suggesting a disruption of the TGF,1 pathway. We conclude that TGF,1 protein immunostaining is not a useful biomarker in assessment of prognosis in HNSCC. [source] Intraoperative frozen section examination of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer,APMIS, Issue 1 2005D. A. GRABAU The study presents the results from intraoperative frozen section assessment of axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer. Routine histological frozen sections from one level were used, two sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins was applied to the permanent SLN paraffin sections only. Axillary dissection was performed on all SLN-positive cases regardless of the size of the metastatic deposits. With a detection rate of 83%, 272 patients entered the study over a period of 46 months. A total of 61 cases were SLN positive by frozen section analysis. The paraffin sections gave an additional 23 SLN-positive cases. The false-negative rate for frozen sections was then 27% (23/84). Micrometastases were found in 28 of 84 cases, and macrometastases in 56. The false-negative rate of frozen sections for micrometastases was 71% (20/28), and for macrometastases 5% (3/56). A total of 73% (61/84) of the patients underwent axillary surgery as a one-step procedure. [source] | ||||||||||