Careful Application (careful + application)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences40%

Selected Abstracts

Thoracic aneurysm repair: Managing severe tortuosity with brachiofemoral traction

CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Issue 7 2007
Christos Lioupis MD
Abstract Challenging anatomy of the thoracic aorta is often encountered, and aortic tortuosity may be a major impediment to the propulsion of the stent-graft. Traction on both ends of a guidewire, with one end exiting the right upper extremity and the other end exiting the lower extremity, is an excellent option to manage thoracic aorta tortuosity. Careful application of simple guidelines may lessen associated risks and improve safety. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Counting individual galaxies from deep 24-,m Spitzer surveys

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 4 2006
G. Rodighiero
ABSTRACT We address the question of how to deal with confusion-limited surveys in the mid-infrared (MIR) domain by using information from shorter-wavelength observations over the same sky regions. Such information, once applied to apparently extended MIR sources, which are indeed ,blends' of two or more different sources, allow us to disentangle the single counterparts and to split the measured flux density into different components. We present the application of this method to the 24-,m Spitzer archival data in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey ELAIS-N1 (GOODS EN1) test field, where apparently extended, ,blended' sources constitute about 20 per cent of a reliable sample of 983 sources detected above the 5, threshold down to 40 ,Jy. As a shorter-wavelength data set, we have considered the public Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) images and catalogues of the same field. We show that the 24-,m sample is almost unbiased down to ,40 ,Jy and the careful application of the deblending procedure does not require any statistical completeness correction (at least at the flux level considered). This is probed by direct comparison of our results with results in the literature that analysed the same data set through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The extrapolation of the source counts down to fainter fluxes suggests that our 24-,m sample is able to resolve ,62 per cent of the cosmic background down to a flux level of 38 ,Jy. [source]

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies , from genetics to molecular pathology

NEUROPATHOLOGY & APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2004
S. H. Laval
The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies are a diverse group of muscle-wasting disorders characteristically affecting the large muscles of the pelvic and shoulder girdles. Molecular genetic analyses have demonstrated causative mutations in the genes encoding a disparate collection of proteins involved in all aspects of muscle cell biology. Muscular dystrophy includes a spectrum of disorders caused by loss of the linkage between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. Within this are the forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy caused by deficiencies of the sarcoglycan complex and by aberrant glycosylation of ,-dystroglycan caused by mutations in the fukutin-related protein gene. However, other forms of this disease have distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. For example, deficiency of dysferlin disrupts sarcolemmal membrane repair, whilst loss of calpain-3 may exert its pathological influence either by perturbation of the I,B,/NF-,B pathway, or through calpain-dependent cytoskeletal remodelling. Caveolin-3 is implicated in numerous cell-signalling pathways and involved in the biogenesis of the T-tubule system. Alterations in the nuclear lamina caused by mutations in laminA/C, sarcomeric changes in titin, telethonin or myotilin at the Z-disc, and subtle changes in the extracellular matrix proteins laminin-,2 or collagen VI can all lead to a limb-girdle muscular dystrophy phenotype, although the specific pathological mechanisms remain obscure. Differential diagnosis of these disorders requires the careful application of a broad range of disciplines: clinical assessment, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting using a panel of antibodies and extensive molecular genetic analyses. [source]

A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla

BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Issue 2 2000
GRAHAM E. BUDD
ABSTRACT It has long been assumed that the extant bilaterian phyla generally have their origin in the Cambrian explosion, when they appear in an essentially modern form. Both these assumptions are questionable. A strict application of stem- and crown-group concepts to phyla shows that although the branching points of many clades may have occurred in the Early Cambrian or before, the appearance of the modern body plans was in most cases later: very few bilaterian phyla sensu stricto have demonstrable representatives in the earliest Cambrian. Given that the early branching points of major clades is an inevitable result of the geometry of clade diversification, the alleged phenomenon of phyla appearing early and remaining morphologically static is seen not to require particular explanation. Confusion in the definition of a phylum has thus led to attempts to explain (especially from a developmental perspective) a feature that is partly inevitable, partly illusory. We critically discuss models for Proterozoic diversification based on small body size, limited developmental capacity and poor preservation and cryptic habits, and show that the prospect of lineage diversification occurring early in the Proterozoic can be seen to be unlikely on grounds of both parsimony and functional morphology. Indeed, the combination of the body and trace fossil record demonstrates a progressive diversification through the end of the Proterozoic well into the Cambrian and beyond, a picture consistent with body plans being assembled during this time. Body-plan characters are likely to have been acquired monophyletically in the history of the bilaterians, and a model explaining the diversity in just one of them, the coelom, is presented. This analysis points to the requirement for a careful application of systematic methodology before explanations are sought for alleged patterns of constraint and flexibility. [source]

Virtuelle Produktmodellierung am Beispiel eines Pumpenlaufrades

CHEMIE-INGENIEUR-TECHNIK (CIT), Issue 1-2 2003
F.-K. Benra Dr.-Ing.
Abstract Durch die Verkürzung der Produktlebenszyklen werden die zur Verfügung stehenden Entwicklungszeiten entscheidend eingeschränkt. Es bleibt keine Zeit mehr für ein umfangreiches Erprobungsprogramm, bei dem die gewünschten Produkteigenschaften durch die Untersuchung und Abwandlung diverser Prototypen erzielt werden. Durch konsequenten Einsatz virtueller Techniken ist die Simulation der geforderten Produkteigenschaften und des Herstellungsprozesses möglich. Das Ergebnis einer so aufgebauten CAx-Prozesskette ist eine vollständige, durchgängig rechnerintegrierte Bauteilentwicklung. In diesem Beitrag wird ein derartiger Produktentstehungsprozess am Beispiel eines Kreiselpumpenlaufrades detailliert beschrieben. Durch die Schaffung eines Anwendungssystems für die Berechnung, Konstruktion und Fertigung von Pumpenlaufrädern lässt sich der Entwicklungsprozess enorm verkürzen. Gleichzeitig ist damit eine wesentliche Senkung der Entwicklungskosten für ein äußerst effektives und zuverlässiges Produkt verbunden. Virtual Modeling of Products with a Centrifugal Pump Impeller as an Example Shortening of the product life cycles means less time for the development of a technical product. There is no more time for an extensive testing program to obtain the desired product properties by investigation and modification of various prototypes. By careful application of virtual techniques the simulation of the required product properties and the production process is possible. The result of a CAx-System is a complete computer-integrated construction unit development. In this contribution the product developing process is described in detail for a centrifugal pump impeller. The creation of an application system for the computation, construction and manufacturing of pump impellers shortens the development process enormously. At the same time the development costs for an extremely effective and reliable product become substantially lower. [source]