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Career
Kinds of Career Terms modified by Career Selected AbstractsEXAMINING THE "CRIMINAL CAREERS" OF PROSTITUTES WITHIN THE NEXUS OF DRUG USE, DRUG SELLING, AND OTHER ILLICIT ACTIVITIES,CRIMINOLOGY, Issue 3 2000SHEILA ROYO MAXWELL This paper examines the co-occurrence of prostitution, drug use, drug selling, and involvement in non-drug crimes among women who have used serious drugs (e.g., crack, heroin). Existing perspectives on the drug use-prostitution nexus are re-examined using three dimensions of the criminal career paradigm: prevalence, lambda, and age of onset. Results show that approximately one-half of the women who reported regular drug use never prostituted, and that, except for use of crack cocaine, use of other drugs was unrelated to the prevalence, frequency, or age of onset into prostitution. The results also show that committing property crime was associated with an increased prevalence and early onset into prostitution, while selling drugs coincided with a decreased prevalence and delayed onset into prostitution. [source] THE PROMOTION OF HEALTH CAREERS TO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE NEW ENGLAND HEALTH AREA: THE VIEWS OF HIGH SCHOOL CAREERS ADVISERSAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 4 2001Christian Alexander ABSTRACT: One way to impact positively on the shortage of health professionals in rural areas is to effectively promote health careers to rural high school students. Rural high school careers advisers play a pivotal role in this. In order to assess how rural health careers advisers working in the north-west of New South Wales currently promote health careers to their students, the New England Area Rural Training Unit carried out a survey of the area's high school careers advisers. Of the 47 high school careers advisers, 38 returned completed questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 81%. While only about one-third of careers advisers use visits by undergraduate students enrolled in tertiary health courses (42%), visits by locally practising health professionals (39%) and/or health careers site visits (27%), all careers advisers consider such promotional activities to be most effective. Improved exposure to such effective health career promotional activities for the area's high school, increasing collaboration between careers advisers and health professionals, as well as renewed efforts to identify and to foster interested students prior to Year 10, should lead to an increasing number of rural high school students enrolling in tertiary health courses. [source] Association of criminal convictions between family members: Effects of siblings, fathers and mothersCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2009Marieke van de Rakt Background,Crime runs in families. Previous research has shown the existence of intergenerational transmission of criminal behaviour. Aim,The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which variation in criminal convictions may be explained by the criminality of siblings and by the intergenerational transmission of criminal behaviour. Method,Data from the Dutch Criminal Career and Life-course Study (CCLS) were used to analyse cross-tabulations and to conduct multi-level logistic regression analyses. Results,The results indicate that criminal convictions of other family members are indeed correlated with individual conviction risk. The criminal history of siblings is most strongly correlated with the convictions of focal respondents. Results furthermore show that parental convictions only account modestly for the association of criminal convictions between siblings. Conclusions,These findings indicate that a direct influence between siblings is plausible, providing support for learning or imitation theories. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] LIFE SPAN OFFENDING TRAJECTORIES OF A DUTCH CONVICTION COHORT,CRIMINOLOGY, Issue 4 2005ARJAN A.J. BLOKLAND The aim of this paper is to describe the development of criminal behavior from early adolescence to late adulthood based on conviction data for a sample of Dutch offenders. Measuring over an age span of 12 to 72, we ask whether there is evidence for (1) criminal trajectories that are distinct in terms of time path, (2) a small group of persistent offenders, (3) criminal trajectories that are distinct in the mix of crimes committed, or, more specifically, persistent offenders disproportionately engaging in violent offences, and (4) different offender groups having different social profiles in life domains other than crime. The analysis is based on the conviction histories of the Dutch offenders in the Criminal Career and Life Course Study. Four trajectory groups were identified using a semi-parametric, group-based model: sporadic offenders, low-rate desisters, moderate-rate desisters and high-rate persisters. Analyses show that high-rate persisters engage in crime at a very substantial rate, even after age 50. Compared to other trajectory groups the high-rate persistent trajectory group disproportionately engages in property crimes rather than violent crimes. Also, these distinct trajectories are found to be remarkably similar across age cohorts. [source] Acting on the Corporate Stage: Playing the Role of Your CareerEMPLOYMENT RELATIONS TODAY, Issue 3 2001Tom Henschel First page of article [source] ,The Worst Thing is the Screwing' (2): Context and Career in Sex WorkGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 3 2000Joanna Brewis This article, and an earlier linked one, focus on the labour process of the modern Western female prostitute. Drawing on available qualitative research from the United Kingdom and Australia, and research undertaken by one of the authors in New South Wales, we argue here that the ways in which individual prostitutes understand themselves, the work that they do and their relationships with clients are at least partly informed by the discursive context of their labour. We seek to highlight the variety of discourses which currently give shape to prostitution in the modern West, and in so doing discuss the ways in which individual workers may engage with these discourses to make sense of their life-world , for example, whether they understand themselves as victims of patriarchy or as feminist activists. In this second article, then, our focus moves from the encounter between the client and the prostitute to the prostitute's career, and we provide a discussion of the various ways of understanding how and why prostitutes enter the profession, how and why they stay in it, how and why they exit this occupational field and how and why they understand themselves in particular ways following such an exit. [source] Career and international assignment fit: Toward an integrative model of successHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2009Jean-Luc Cerdin Abstract This article examines how the fit between career and international assignment is likely to affect the success of the international assignment (IA) at its various stages. We propose an integrative model of IA success that encompasses three stages: pre-expatriation, expatriation, and repatriation. The main objective of this article is to contribute to the understanding of how individuals' career characteristics infl uence IA success during expatriation and repatriation. In our model, IA success is considered from both the individual and organizational perspective. In addition to drawing on the theory of fit to examine IA success during the expatriation and repatriation stages, we also use human capital and signal theory to examine the relationship between expatriation success and repatriation success. The propositions of our conceptual research provide practical and theoretical implications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] An Educational Needs Assessment of Pennsylvania Workforce: Opportunities to Redefine Secondary Career and Technical Education to Meet Food Industry NeedsJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION, Issue 2 2006Larry Napoleon ABSTRACT: This article describes the outcomes of a needs assessment concerning current training needs and performance targets for non-degreed employees in the food industry. Focus groups were used to gather data from 5 food-processing companies: a fresh vegetable company, a canned vegetable company, 2 snack food companies, and a meat company. Focus group participants consisted of 1 senior-level manager each from human resource, production, quality assurance, purchasing, and product development departments within each company. The needs assessment identified 4 major themes that employers indicated as beneficial knowledge and skills for employees to possess: safety training, knowledge of food and production systems, learning and applying mathematical skills, and professional conduct. The authors anticipate that the knowledge of industry needs, with respect to the desired incoming workforce competencies and knowledge, will facilitate the development of integrated curriculum modules for secondary career and technical education programs (high school grades). These integrated curriculum modules will address the growing needs of the food industry and facilitate the development of employment skills required to function and prosper in the new global economy. [source] Building the capacity for evidence-based clinical nursing leadership: the role of executive co-coaching and group clinical supervision for quality patient servicesJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2007BA (Hons), JO ALLEYNE DProf Aim, The general aims of this article were to facilitate primary care nurses (District Nurse Team Leaders) to link management and leadership theories with clinical practice and to improve the quality of the service provided to their patients. The specific aim was to identify, create and evaluate effective processes for collaborative working so that the nurses' capacity for clinical decision-making could be improved. Background, This article, part of a doctoral study on Clinical Leadership in Nursing, has wider application in the workplace of the future where professional standards based on collaboration will be more critical in a world of work that will be increasingly complex and uncertain. This article heralds the type of research and development activities that the nursing and midwifery professions should give premier attention to, particularly given the recent developments within the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. The implications of: Agenda for Change, the Knowledge and Skills Framework, ,Our Health, Our Care, Our Say' and the recent proposals from the article Modernising Nursing Career, to name but a few, are the key influences impacting on and demanding new ways of clinical supervision for nurses and midwives to improve the quality of patient management and services. Method, The overall approach was based on an action research using a collaborative enquiry within a case study. This was facilitated by a process of executive co-coaching for focused group clinical supervision sessions involving six district nurses as co-researchers and two professional doctoral candidates as the main researchers. The enquiry conducted over a period of two and a half years used evidence-based management and leadership interventions to assist the participants to develop ,actionable knowledge'. Group clinical supervision was not practised in this study as a form of ,therapy' but as a focus for the development of actionable knowledge, knowledge needed for effective clinical management and leadership in the workplace. Findings, ,,Management and leadership interventions and approaches have significantly influenced the participants' capacity to improve the quality of services provided to their patients. ,,Using various techniques, tools, methods and frameworks presented at the sessions increased participants' confidence to perform. ,,A structured approach like the Clinical Nursing Leadership Learning and Action Process (CLINLAP) model makes implementing change more practical and manageable within a turbulent care environment. The process of Stakeholder Mapping and Management made getting agreement to do things differently much easier. Generally it is clear that many nurses and midwives, according to the participants, have to carry out management and leadership activities in their day-to-day practice. The traditional boundary between the private, the public and the voluntary sector management is increasingly becoming blurred. Conclusion, It is conclusive that the district nurses on this innovative programme demonstrated how they were making sense of patterns from the past, planning for the future and facilitating the clinical nursing leadership processes today to improve quality patient services tomorrow. Their improved capacity to manage change and lead people was demonstrated, for example, through their questioning attitudes about the dominance of general practitioners. They did this, for example, by initiating and leading case conferences with the multi-disciplinary teams. It became evident from this study that to use group clinical supervision with an executive co-coaching approach for the implementation and to sustain quality service demand that ,good nursing' is accepted as being synonymous with ,good management'. This is the future of ,new nursing'. [source] Why Do Women's Wages Increase So Slowly Throughout Their Career?LABOUR, Issue 2 2008A Dynamic Model of Statistical Discrimination We provide a dynamic model of statistical discrimination, which integrates specific human capital decisions: on-the-job training investment and wages are endogenously determined. We reveal a small wage differential at the beginning of women's career, but women's wages increase more slowly; this is partly due to a lower level of human capital investment by women and partly because firms smooth training costs between different periods. [source] Career and Academic AdvisingNEW DIRECTIONS FOR STUDENT SERVICES, Issue 91 2000Betty Aune This chapter examines career and academic advising issues in the context of the interactional model of disability. [source] Reciprocity and Realpolitik: Image, Career, and Factional Genealogies in Provincial BoliviaAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 1 2001Robert Albro In this article, I analyze the persuasiveness of ritual libations in provincial Bolivia as populist spectacles. During an era of extensive national reform, these libations are prototypical definitional performances within a changing regional political arena. I argue for an approach to the contextualization of factional politics that resituates both performance based theories of rhetoric and ethnographic treatments of life histories in a more comprehensively synthetic public interpretive frame. I treat libations as part of a local political process attuned to the perceived truthfulness of personal indexical references in performative frames. The plausibility of sponsors' self-images turns on the potentially conflictual shadings of their public careers, shades often unintentionally generated by such spectacles, [political ritual, popular identity, life histories, indexicals, Bolivia] [source] Ballet across Borders: Career and Culture in the World of DancersAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 3 2000Eduardo P. Archetti Ballet across Borders: Career and Culture in the World of Dancers. Helena Wulff. Oxford: Berg, 1998. ix +185 pp., photographs, bibliography, index. [source] Sector Switching from a Business to a Government Job: Fast-Track Career or Fast Track to Nowhere?PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Barry Bozeman This paper examines the career consequences for public managers of having had full-time private sector work experience. We find positive career outcomes for public managers with private sector experience: Individuals with such experience are more likely to have been recently promoted relative to peers and to supervise somewhat greater number of employees, especially if their most recent job was in the private sector. While experience in the private sector enhances such career outcomes, the length of such experience diminishes them. The authors conclude by identifying three career scenarios emerging from the models and discussing the managerial and theoretical implications of "sector-switching careers." [source] The Curvature of a Scholarly Career: Fitzgerald and Hemingway: Works and Days by Scott Donaldson New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.THE F. SCOTT FITZGERALD REVIEW, Issue 1 2010511 pages No abstract is available for this article. [source] Beyond Capital High: On Dual Citizenship and the Strange Career of "Acting White"ANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2008Signithia Fordham In this article, I reflect on the strange career of the "burden of ,acting White' " since it attracted widespread popular and academic attention over 20 years ago. I begin by noting that my original definition of "the burden of ,acting White' " should not be confused with a prominent misconception of the problem as the "fear" of "acting White." I then offer a revised definition that has emerged in the wake of the collision of meanings attributed to the Capital High study. At the core of the twists and turns this concept has taken is attempted identity theft: In exchange for what is conventionally identified as success, racially defined Black bodies are compelled to perform a White identity by mimicking the cultural, linguistic, and economic practices historically affiliated with the hegemonic rule of Euro-Americans. Third, drawing on recent work on the impact of gender-specific racial performances on Black males' and Black females' academic success, I analyze quantitative data from Capital High to explain the gender-specific response patterns of male and female students to the dilemmas implicit in academic success. Finally, I suggest possible implications of the centrality of the burden of "acting White" for the academic performance of Black students and the identity of African Americans more generally.[burden of "acting White," identity theft, racial insufficiency, gender insufficiency, Capital High, academic achievement] [source] Design and use of a multimedia trainer for the subject Descriptive GeometryCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, Issue 1 2009Máximo Pérez Morales Abstract Less and less time is being dedicated to Descriptive Geometry in Technical Careers. For that reason, a multimedia application that allows us improve and optimize the teaching,learning process in the resolution of typical problems of this subject has been designed. Easy of use, interactiveness or efficiency are characteristics that can be related to this application. In this article, we describe the more important aspects of the developed Multimedia Trainer, as well as the results obtained in an experience with students with the purpose of evaluating its possibilities of use. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 13,24, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20164 [source] Preparing Students for Conservation Careers through Project-Based LearningCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Jeremy A. Martinich First page of article [source] Women's Careers Beyond the Classroom: Changing Roles in a Changing WorldCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 3 2001Nina Bascia Drawing from our own and others' research over the past decade and a half, we present four "readings," each illuminating a different dimension of women educators' career development, particularly their movement into work beyond the classroom. The majority of the participants in our studies are women who work for change in their classrooms, schools, and district organizations, using the opportunities, vehicles, and channels available,or apparent,to them. They do this work in professional and personal contexts that are continually changing, sometimes as a result of their own choices and actions and sometimes not. While there is a growing body of literature on women's movement into, and their lives in, educational administration, we are concerned here with the broader and more varied manifestations of leadership beyond the classroom. In the four readings, we bring together several strands in the literature on women educators' lives and careers. We first lay out the taken-for-granted oppositional contrasts in the educational discourses that have tended to obscure more complex understandings of work lives and careers. Next, we explore how the particular kinds of work available to women actually encourage some to move beyond narrow conceptions of the distinctions between classroom and nonclassroom work. Third, we discuss the developmental nature of individual career paths. Fourth, we note the spatial and temporal nature of leadership work by showing how it is influenced and changed by greater economic, social, and political forces. We believe that these multiple interpretations are required to understand the range and combination of influences that propel and compel women educators to take up various forms of leadership work beyond the classroom. [source] The Invisible (Inaudible) Woman: Nursing in the English AcademyGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 2 2005Liz Meerabeau Nursing is numerically a far larger academic discipline than medicine, and is situated in many more higher education institutions in England (over 50), whereas there are 21 medical schools. Like the rest of ,non medical education and training' it is purchased through a quasi-market. Despite the size of this market, however, nursing education has until recently been largely invisible in policy documents and the ambitions of nursing academics to develop their subject are seen as inappropriate. This article explores this invisibility and inaudibility, with particular reference to the 1997 Richards Report, Clinical Academic Careers and the 2001 Nuffield Trust report, A New Framework for NHS/University Relations. It draws on the work of Davies on the ,professional predicament' of nursing, to argue that, although the move of nursing education into higher education had the aim of improving its status, nursing has difficulty finding its voice within academia. As a result, issues which are salient for nursing (as for many of the health professions), such as a poor (or relatively poor) showing in the Research Assessment Exercise and the complexities of balancing research, teaching and maintaining clinical competence, are raised as high-profile issues only in medicine. [source] Class and Other Identifications in Managerial Careers: The Case of the Lemon DressGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 5 2004Christina Hughes This article responds to concerns that research in the field of careers needs to bring together an action perspective with a recognition of the continuing impact of structural and cultural imperatives. To do so this article presents a symptomatic study. Through the concept of pedagogies of the everyday, this combines an action orientation with a recognition of how such pedagogies operate within networks of power. Specifically, the article argues that the development of new gendered understandings of management careers requires greater recognition of the continuing, though now relatively neglected, saliency of class. The article offers a summary of contemporary theorizations of class and concludes with a discussion of possible future directions for this field of research. [source] Academic Careers and Gender Equity: Lessons Learned from MIT1GENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 2 2003Lotte Bailyn This article describes the experience at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology after the publication of its report A Study on the Status of Women Faculty in Science at MIT. It starts by describing aspects of the academic career that make it difficult for women, or anyone with responsibilities outside of their academic work. It then outlines three definitions of gender equity based on equality, fairness, and integration, and probes the reasons behind persisting inequities. The MIT results fit well into the first two definitions of gender equity, but fall short on the last. Finally, the article analyses the factors that came together at MIT to produce the outcome described and indicates the lessons learned and those still to be learned. [source] Beyond ,Gender Differences': A Canadian Study of Women's and Men's Careers in EngineeringGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 1 2003Gillian Ranson This article explores the relationship between gender and career paths for a group of women and men who graduated as engineers during a period of labour market turbulence in western Canada during the 1980s. Using a model adapted from Brown (1982), the article uses ,career path' as a device to organize data drawn primarily from telephone and face-to-face interviews with 317 graduates. Three career paths provide the focus for the study: the ,organizational', characterized by stable employment with one employer; the ,occupational', characterized by mobility between employers; and the entrepreneurial, characterized by self-employment. The use of the career path framework moves the study beyond global comparisons (of the dichotomized ,gender differences' kind) between ,the women' and ,the men'. As well as allowing for comparison between the paths, it allows more refined and contextualized comparisons within each path. Such comparisons produce patterns of similarity and difference that sometimes transcend gender. [source] Analysing Change in Women's Careers: Culture, Structure and Action DimensionsGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 1 2000Julia Evetts This article addresses a number of related issues. It outlines and illustrates three dimensions of explanations about women's careers: cultural, structural and action dimensions. The three dimensions are considered as aspects of determinism and choice in women's careers and are illustrated with regard to different professional sectors. The article argues that change needs to be a prominent feature in the analysis of women's careers but that change is differently perceived and interpreted in analyses in the three different dimensions. [source] Words by the Numbers: a Quantitative Analysis and Comparison of the Oratorical Careers of William Ewart Gladstone and Winston Spencer ChurchillHISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 182 2000Joseph S. Meisel This article examines and compares the oratorical productivity of Gladstone and Churchill, two long-lived British statesmen and iconic prime ministers noted for their powers as public speakers. Based upon data sources providing the date, subject and location of their speeches (over 2,000 each), quantitative analyses provide new ways of viewing the patterns and emphases of Gladstone's and Churchill's political careers, and establish a new basis for assessing the role of oratory in their public lives and reputations. Comparisons between Gladstone's and Churchill's public speaking careers shed new light on the changing structures, practices and technologies of British politics from the eighteen-thirties to the nineteen-fifties. [source] Science World, High School Girls, and the Prospect of Scientific Careers, 1957-1963HISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2006Sevan G. Terzian First page of article [source] "He lives as a Master": Seventeenth-Century Masculinity, Gendered Teaching, and Careers of New England SchoolmastersHISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2003Jo Anne Preston You that are men and thoughts of manhood know, Be Just now to the Man who made you so. Martyr'd by Scholars the stabbed Cassian dies, And falls to cursed Lads a Sacrafice. Not so my Cheever, Not by Scholars slain, But Praised and Lov'd, and wished to Life again. Cotton Mather, 17081 [source] Work Roles and Careers of R&D Scientists in Network OrganizationsINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 2 2005ALICE LAM Despite the burgeoning literature on the network organization as a new mode of innovation, we know little about how the flow of knowledge across organizational boundaries is intertwined with careers. This study explores the implications of the network model of R&D organization for the work roles and careers of R&D scientists within the changing relationship between industry and the academia. It examines how firms seek to resolve the tension between science and business by developing closer human resource ties with universities. It argues that firms have sought to construct "extended" internal labour markets (EILMs) between themselves and the universities with which they collaborate, leading to the formation of a hybrid scientific community straddling the two sectors. [source] A longitudinal study of the educational and career trajectories of female participants of an urban informal science education programJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 8 2004Kathleen A. Fadigan The purpose of this longitudinal case study is to describe the educational trajectories of a sample of 152 young women from urban, low-income, single-parent families who participated in the Women in Natural Sciences (WINS) program during high school. Utilizing data drawn from program records, surveys, and interviews, this study also attempts to determine how the program affected the participants' educational and career choices to provide insight into the role informal science education programs play in increasing the participation of women and minorities in science, math, engineering, and technology (SMET)-related fields. Findings revealed 109 participants (93.16%) enrolled in a college program following high school completion. Careers in medical or health-related fields followed by careers in SMET emerged as the highest ranking career paths with 24 students (23.76%) and 21 students (20.79%), respectively, employed in or pursuing careers in these areas. The majority of participants perceived having staff to talk to, the job skills learned, and having the museum as a safe place to go as having influenced their educational and career decisions. These findings reflect the need for continued support of informal science education programs for urban girls and at-risk youth. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 835,860, 2004 [source] Lawyer Satisfaction in the Process of Structuring Legal CareersLAW & SOCIETY REVIEW, Issue 1 2007Ronit Dinovitzer This article proposes a new approach to the study of job satisfaction in the legal profession. Drawing on a Bourdieusian understanding of the relationship between social class and dispositions, we argue that job satisfaction depends in part on social origins and the credentials related to these origins, with social hierarchies helping to define the expectations and possibilities that produce professional careers. Through this lens, job satisfaction is understood as a mechanism through which social and professional hierarchies are produced and reproduced. Relying on the first national data set on lawyer careers (including both survey data and in-depth interviews), we find that lawyers' social background, as reflected in the ranking of their law school, decreases career satisfaction and increases the odds of a job search for the most successful new lawyers. When combined with the interview data, we find that social class is an important component of a stratification system that tends to lead individuals into hierarchically arranged positions. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||