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Carcinoma Cases (carcinoma + case)
Selected AbstractsDiagnostic value of GLUT-1 immunoreactivity to distinguish benign from malignant cystic squamous lesions of the head and neck in fine-needle aspiration biopsy materialDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2004Michael F. Weiner M.D. Abstract The distinction of cystic squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) from benign cystic squamous lesions (BCSLs) of the head and neck can be problematic on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) material, particularly when BCSLs display epithelial reactive atypia or when SCC is well differentiated. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), a facilitative cell surface glucose transport protein, is aberrantly expressed in many cancers including oral and hypopharyngeal SCC. We evaluated the expression of GLUT-1 by immunochemistry on FNAB material to determine its value in distinguishing cystic SCC from BCSL of the head and neck. A 5-yr retrospective review of all head and neck cystic squamous lesions having FNAB specimens with cell block material, radiological studies, and histological confirmation was performed at our institution. Cell block material from 24 cystic squamous lesions, including 8 (33%) BCSL (7 branchial cleft cysts and 1 thyroglossal duct cyst[TDC]) and 16 (67%) metastatic SCCs with cystic/liquefactive degeneration, was retrieved and immunostained with anti-GLUT-1. GLUT-1 expression was considered positive when at least 10% of squamous cells exhibited distinct cell membrane reactivity. Positive GLUT-1 immunostaining was detected in all 16 SCCs and in none of the 8 BCSLs. In the carcinoma cases, the majority of malignant cells exhibited GLUT-1 reactivity; only a minor population of well-differentiated SCC cells displaying keratinization and arranged as squamous pearls did not express GLUT-1. GLUT-1 expression in cell block material can help to distinguish cystic SCCs from BCSLs of the head and neck. In conjunction with clinical and radiological correlation, GLUT-1 immunoreactivity can be an important diagnostic aid when the cytological findings are ambiguous. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:294,299. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Chromodomain helicase/adenosine triphosphatase DNA binding protein 1,like (CHD1l) gene suppresses the nucleus-to-mitochondria translocation of nur77 to sustain hepatocellular carcinoma cell survival,HEPATOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Leilei Chen Amplification of 1q21 has been detected in 58% to 78% of primary hepatocellular carcinoma cases, suggesting that one or more oncogenes within the amplicon play a critical role in the development of this disease. The chromodomain helicase/adenosine triphosphatase DNA binding protein 1,like gene (CHD1L) is a recently identified oncogene localized at 1q21. Our previous studies have demonstrated that CHD1L has strong tumorigenic ability and confers high susceptibility to spontaneous tumors in a CHD1L -transgenic mouse model. In this study, we demonstrate that the antiapoptotic ability of CHD1L is associated with its interaction with Nur77, a critical member of a p53-independent apoptotic pathway. As the first cellular protein identified to bind Nur77, CHD1L is able to inhibit the nucleus-to-mitochondria translocation of Nur77, which is the key step of Nur77-mediated apoptosis, resulting in the hindrance of the release of cytochrome c and the initiation of apoptosis. Knock-down of CHD1L expression by RNA interference could rescue the mitochondrial targeting of Nur77 and the subsequent apoptosis. Further studies found that the C-terminal Macro domain of CHD1L is responsible for the interaction with Nur77, and a CHD1L mutant lacking residues 600-897 failed to interact with Nur77 and prevented Nur77-mediated apoptosis. More importantly, we found that the inhibition of Nur77-mediated apoptosis by endogenous CHD1L is a critical biological cellular process in hepatocarcinogenesis. Conclusion: We demonstrate in this study that overexpression of CHD1L could sustain tumor cell survival by preventing Nur77-mediated apoptosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.) [source] Chromogenic in situ hybridization analysis of HER-2/neu status in breast carcinoma: Application in screening of patients for trastuzumab (Herceptin®) therapyPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 8 2001Hiroyuki Kumamoto Evaluation of HER-2/neu status is important in the management of patients with breast carcinoma, especially in determining the possible application of trastuzumab, a humanized anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) detection of the HER-2/neu oncogene is a newly developed in situ hybridization method that utilizes a robust and unique-sequence DNA probe labeled with digoxygenin, and sequential incubations with antidigoxygenin fluorescein, antifluorescein peroxidase, and diaminobenzidine. In this study, we examined 20 archival specimens of human breast carcinoma using CISH, and we correlated findings with immunohistochemical findings for HER-2/neu. HER-2/neu immunohistochemistry was carried out with HercepTestTM, a standardized immunohistochemical examination system for HER-2/neu overexpression in surgical pathology specimens. CISH analysis could be done in 18 out of 20 cases examined. Gene copy signals for HER-2/neu were recognized as intranuclear brown dots in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Seven carcinomas showed an increased number or size of signals and were interpreted as being positive for HER-2/neu amplification. Eight cases were positive with the HercepTestTM. Seven out of eight carcinoma cases found to overexpress immunoreactive HER-2/neu also demonstrated HER-2/neu gene amplification following CISH analysis. There was a significant correlation between immunohistochemical and CISH analyses (P< 0.001). We found that CISH was a specific, sensitive and easily applicable method for the detection of HER-2/neu gene amplification, which may be used together with immunohistochemical examination for the evaluation of patients with breast carcinoma. [source] Antibody microarray analysis of serum glycans in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases and controlsPROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, Issue 8 2009Changxia Shao Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize specific serum glycan profile in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases and matched controls. A recently developed lectin-based antibody array was applied to detect various cancer-associated glycotopes in sera from 23 cases and 23 controls. Glycan levels were highly expressed in sera of ESCC patients as compared with controls. These included fucosylation level on interleukin (IL) 8; mannose level on haptoglobin; N-acetylglucosamine levels on IL6, mucin (MUC)1, and von Willebrand factor (vWf); sialyl Lewis a (sLea) levels on blood group Lewis X, IL6, IL10, MUC1, and serum amyloid A (SAA); sialyl Tn antigen (sTn) levels on cathepsin D, gelsolin, IL10, and vWf; T antigen levels on IL8, IL10, blood group Lewis X, vitronectin, and vWf (p<0.05). In addition, receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed significantly discriminal improvement between cases and controls as measured by area under ROC curve. The highest sum of sensitivity and specificity was 1.52 for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 detection on both MUC1 and SAA, with area under ROC curves of 0.73 and 0.71, respectively. Taken together, this lectin-based antibody microarray allows efficient profiling of variations in specific glycans on proteins in ESCC cases as compared with controls, some of which might be useful for clinical diagnosis, early detection, and/or treatment. [source] Invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breastCANCER, Issue 19 2010A distinctive subtype of aggressive mammary carcinoma Abstract BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast, a pathologic entity newly defined in the 2003 World Health Organization classification of tumors, is a rare type of tumor that is not well recognized or studied. The purpose of this first case-controlled study is to reveal the clinicopathologic features, therapeutic response, and outcomes of patients with NEC of the breast. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with NEC of the breast who were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center were analyzed; 68 of them had complete clinical follow-up. Two cohorts of invasive mammary carcinoma cases were selected to pair with NEC to reveal demographic, pathologic, and clinical features at presentation, along with therapeutic response to treatment and patient outcomes. RESULTS: NEC was more likely to be estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative. Despite similar age and disease stages at presentation, NEC showed a more aggressive course than invasive ductal carcinoma, with a higher propensity for local and distant recurrence and poorer overall survival. High nuclear grade, large tumor size, and regional lymph node metastasis were significant negative prognostic factors for distant recurrence-free survival; high nuclear grade and regional lymph node metastasis were also significant negative prognostic factors for overall survival. Although endocrine therapy and radiation therapy showed a trend toward improved survival, the small number of cases in this study limited the statistical power to reveal therapeutic benefits in NEC of the breast. CONCLUSIONS: NEC is a distinct type of aggressive mammary carcinoma. Novel therapeutic approaches should be explored for this uniquely different clinical entity. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society. [source] 2C4, a monoclonal antibody against HER2, disrupts the HER kinase signaling pathway and inhibits ovarian carcinoma cell growthCANCER, Issue 12 2005Noriyuki Takai M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in 25,30% of ovarian carcinoma cases and a correlation between increased HER2 expression and decreased survival has been demonstrated. HER2 is a ligand-less member of the HER family that functions as the preferred coreceptor for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER3, and HER4. METHODS An approach was developed to target HER2's role as a coreceptor using a monoclonal antibody, 2C4, which sterically hinders HER2's recruitment into a functional HER complex. RESULTS HER2 was robustly expressed in all eight ovarian carcinoma cell lines; expression of EGFR and HER3 was variable. Even though four of the eight cell lines responded to EGF, 2C4 antibody moderately inhibited in vitro proliferation of only two cell lines (OVCA433 and SK-OV-3). Furthermore, ligand-stimulated p-MAPK expression was inhibited by 2C4 only in these two cell lines after exposure to EGF. Immunoprecipitation and eTag analysis revealed that OVCA433 expressed heterodimers of EGFR/HER2, and these heterodimers were disrupted after treatment with 2C4, whereas OVCA432 cells did not have these heterodimers. In murine xenograft experiments, the in vivo growth of OVCA433, but not of OVCA432, ovarian carcinoma cells was significantly inhibited by 2C4 treatment of the mice. CONCLUSION 2C4 is able to disrupt the HER signaling pathway and inhibit the in vitro and in vivo growth of ovarian carcinoma cell lines. The response appears limited to lines in which HER2 heterodimers were able to transduce proliferative signals. Our findings suggest a strong rationale to conduct clinical trials of 2C4 in a subset of patients with ovarian tumors. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source] Axillary disease recurrence after sentinel lymph node dissection for breast carcinomaCANCER, Issue 9 2005Karen K. Swenson M.S., R.N. Abstract BACKGROUND Surgical recommendation for early-stage breast carcinoma includes removal of the primary breast tumor and evaluation of the axillary lymph nodes on the ipsilateral side. Sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) is increasingly being used to evaluate axillary lymph nodes in clinically lymph node negative patients as an alternative to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Results from SLND are highly predictive of metastatic involvement in the axilla, and are associated with fewer side effects. However, the greatest concern with SLND alone is the potential for a higher rate of axillary lymph node recurrence. The purpose of the current study was to review data collected on 700 consecutive patients with early-stage breast carcinoma who underwent SLND without concomitant ALND. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using the oncology registry at Park Nicollet Health Services (Minneapolis, MN). Consecutive breast carcinoma cases with SLND only for axillary surgery, from January 28, 1999 to December 31, 2003, were included in the study. During this period, 700 patients with breast carcinoma were identified who had SLND alone. Fifty-two patients were excluded from the analysis because they had ductal carcinoma in situ. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 33 months (range, 2-73 mos), axillary lymph node recurrence occurred in 4 of 647 (0.62%) patients overall. In these 4 patients, the axillary lymph node recurrences were isolated to the axillary lymph nodes and amenable to surgery. CONCLUSIONS Data from the current study showed that axillary lymph node recurrence after SLND occurred very infrequently in early-stage breast carcinoma, and these results were comparable to other studies. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source] Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of health-related quality of life between patients with prostate carcinoma and matched controls,,§CANCER, Issue 9 2004M.P.H., Richard M. Hoffman M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND Prostate carcinoma and treatments affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The authors prospectively compared prostate and general HRQOL between prostate carcinoma cases and an age-matched and ethnicity-matched control group. METHODS The case cohort consisted of 293 men with localized prostate carcinoma who were selected randomly from the population-based New Mexico Tumor Registry, and the control cohort consisted of 618 men who were selected randomly from administrative databases and matched for age and ethnicity. Subjects completed a baseline survey of demographics, socioeconomic status, comorbidity, and prostate and general HRQOL. Also, 210 cases (71.7%) and 421 controls (67.8%) completed a follow-up survey 5 years later. Multinomial logistic regression models compared baseline characteristics as well as 5-year general HRQOL outcomes measured by selected domains of the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36. The authors used a mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance and multinomial regression analyses to compare longitudinal changes in urinary, bowel, and sexual function between groups. RESULTS At baseline, patients with prostate carcinoma had better urinary control and sexual function than controls. Over 5 years, sexual function declined significantly among controls, although urinary function remained stable. However, patients with cancer subsequently reported significant declines in both domains and were left with much worse function and more bother than controls. Bowel function and general HRQOL were similar for both groups at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Prostate carcinoma treatment led to significant 5-year declines in urinary and sexual function that far exceeded age-related changes in controls. Patients with cancer had significantly worse function and more bother than controls for these disease-specific domains of HRQOL. Bowel function and general HRQOL were not affected by cancer status. Cancer 2004. Published 2004 American Cancer Society. [source] Androgen ablation therapy for prostate carcinoma suppresses the immunoreactive telomerase subunit hTERTCANCER, Issue 2 2004Kenneth A. Iczkowski M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex that protects the ends of chromosomes from degradation. Its catalytic subunit, hTERT, controls its activity. Prior data in prostate carcinoma cases indicated that immunohistochemical hTERT reactivity increases with tumor grade and may be absent in lower grade cases. The effect of complete androgen ablation (CAA) on tumor hTERT expression was uncertain. METHODS hTERT immunostaining was performed on the cancerous pretreatment biopsy tissue of 30 men who consecutively underwent CAA with bicalutamide and goserelin acetate for 30 days prior to undergoing radical prostatectomy, and on their tumor tissue from radical prostatectomy. As controls, biopsy and prostatectomy samples from 30 untreated men were studied. Nuclear staining was evaluated by two observers, and the change in staining between biopsy and prostatectomy samples was evaluated using the Student t test in both groups. RESULTS The percent of reactive tumor nuclei in treated men declined from 36.7% to 13.2% (P = 0.0001), and declined from 19.8% to 16.1% in untreated men (P = 0.4). The greater mean hTERT reactivity in the treated men's biopsy specimens was attributed to an increased proportion of higher (Gleason score , 7) grade tumors. The decline in hTERT immunostaining remained significant after normalizing it to that of the untreated group (P = 0.002). The original Gleason scores, corresponding declines in the percentage of reactive tumor nuclei, and significance were: Gleason score , 6: 11% (P = 0.03); Gleason score of 7: 23% (P < 0.006); and Gleason score , 8: 46% (P < 0.005) (from a mean 63% to 17%). CONCLUSIONS CAA for prostate carcinoma can be considered an antitelomerase therapy. The steepest reduction in telomerase activity was noted in the highest grade tumors. Cancer 2004;100:294,9. © 2003 American Cancer Society. [source] The relevance of occult axillary micrometastasis in ductal carcinoma in situ,CANCER, Issue 10 2003A clinicopathologic study with long-term follow-up Abstract BACKGROUND Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents 20% of newly diagnosed breast carcinoma cases. Historically, the incidence of axillary metastasis in DCIS has been small (1,2%) and its significance has been debated. It is widely known that serial sections of lymph nodes coupled with keratin immunohistochemistry (IHC) increases identification of micrometastasis. The advent of sentinel lymph node evaluation underscores the need to reevaluate the significance of occult micrometastases in DCIS. METHODS Patients with DCIS and negative axillary lymph nodes from 1974 to 1992 were selected from the Saint Barnabas Medical Center Tumor Registry. All diagnoses were confirmed, and paraffin blocks were retrieved after acceptance into the study. Seven serial sections were obtained from each block and evaluated with two cytokeratin IHC stains. Clinical follow-up ranged from 10 to 28 years. RESULTS One hundred two patients were included in the study. Micrometastases were identified in 13 patients (13%), mostly on 1 level and composed of microscopic clusters in the subcapsular sinus. Seven of these lymph node,positive patients (58%) had high-grade comedo DCIS, 4 (33%) had intermediate grades of various types of DCIS, and one had a low-grade micropapillary DCIS. The overall disease recurrence rate was 12%, but micrometasis was not detected in any of the patients who developed disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Serial IHC evaluation of lymph nodes dramatically increased the identification of occult micrometastasis. However, IHC detected micrometastasis has no apparent clinical significance in DCIS, based on the current long-term clinicopathologic study. Therefore, the authors questioned the significance of occult micrometastasis, identified by IHC, in DCIS of any type and extent. Further evaluation and follow-up of lymph node micrometastases in patients with invasive tumors of various sizes are needed. The current findings would not support altering the stage of patients with DCIS and micrometastasis detected by IHC only. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society. [source] Energy restriction early in life and colon carcinoma riskCANCER, Issue 1 2003Results of the Netherlands Cohort Study after 7.3 years of follow-up Abstract BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effects of severe undernutrition during adolescence and subsequent colon carcinoma risk. METHODS The authors evaluated The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer (NLCS) among 62,573 women and 58,279 men aged 55,69 years at baseline. Information on diet and risk factors was collected by questionnaire in 1986. Additional information was collected concerning residence during the hunger winter (1944,1945), the World War II years (1940,1944), and father's employment status during the economic depression of 1932,1940, which were used as indicators of exposure. After 7.3 years of follow-up, 807 colon carcinoma cases (388 females and 419 males) were available for analysis. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that both men and women who had lived in a western city in 1944,1945 had a decreased colon carcinoma risk (men: relative risk [RR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62,1.16; women: RR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.59,1.09). No association between colon carcinoma risk and urban versus rural residence was found during the war years (1940,1944). Having an unemployed father during the economic depression (1932,1940) was also associated with a small decrease in colon carcinoma risk for men (RR = 0.90, 95% CI =0.62,1.31) and women (RR = 0.75, 95%CI 0.49-1.14). In subgroup analyses, a decreased colon carcinoma risk for men and women who were in their adolescent growth spurt and living in a western city during the hunger winter of 1944,1945 was noted (men: RR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.31,1.65; women: RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.40,1.96). No associations were statistically significant because of the limited study size. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, a weak inverse relation was found between energy restriction early in life and subsequent colon carcinoma risk for men and women. However, these findings need replication in a larger study. Cancer 2003;97:46,55. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11052 [source] 3463: Fusion oncogenes in adenoid cystic carcinomaACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010SL VON HOLSTEIN Purpose Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands have a consistent t(6;9)(q22-23;p23-24) translocation. A recent study have shown that this results in fusion of the transcription factor gene MYB and the transcription factor gene NFIB which leads to activation of critical MYB target genes. The purpose of the study was to determine the expression of the MYB-NFIB fusion in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinomas. Methods Primary lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinomas in Denmark during 1974-2007 were collected and classified according to the latest WHO classification system. The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumours were analyzed using RT-PCR for detection of MYB-NFIB fusion transcript. 10 other non-adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland were also tested for the fusion. Results A total of 13 patients with a primary adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified in Denmark during the 33-year period. The median age at diagnosis was 41 years and the gender distribution was equal. Using RT-PCR the fusion transcript could be detected in five (38%) of the 13 cases. The fusion was the transcript variant MYB exon 14 linked to NFIB exon 8c in all five cases. None of the non-adenoid cystic carcinoma cases expressed the MYB-NFIB fusion. Conclusion The MYB-NFIB fusion is expressed in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland. The result of the study supports the suggestion that the MYB-NFIB fusion is specific for adenoid cystic carcinoma. This is the first study to evaluate the frequency of the MYB-NFIB fusion in adenoid cystic carcinomas in the lacrimal gland. [source] | ||||||||||