Carbonyl Cyanide (carbonyl + cyanide)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences100%

Terms modified by Carbonyl Cyanide

  • carbonyl cyanide m
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  • carbonyl cyanide p
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    Selected Abstracts

    Analysis of mitochondria by capillary electrophoresis: cardiolipin levels decrease in response to carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2010
    Wenfeng Zhao
    Abstract Cardiolipin is an important phospholipid present in the inner membrane of mitochondria. It plays a critical role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis mediated by oxidative phosphorylation. Exposure of HepG2 cells to carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) caused the inhibition of ATP synthesis and the depolarization of mitochondria. Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) analysis of fluorescent mitochondrion-selective probe 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) labeled mitochondria was employed to in situ estimate the cardiolipin levels under FCCP-induced de-energization of mitochondria. NAO, stoichiometriclly bound to cardiolipin at a 1:1 or 2:1 molar ratio (NAO/cardiolipin), emitted green and red fluorescence, respectively. Green fluorescence was chosen for cardiolipin content analysis because it was more intense than red fluorescence. A significant decrease in the cardiolipin content, up to 11% of the control, was evident when the ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) correspondingly decreased. These related findings suggested that CE-LIF may provide a sensitive strategy to determine cardiolipin content in response to exposure to chemical uncouplers. This reinforces the hypothesis that alterations in ATP synthesis and MMP have a close association with cardiolipin content, which correlated tightly with mitochondrial membrane assembly and activity. [source]

    Dynamics of in vitro acquisition of resistance by Candida parapsilosis to different azoles

    FEMS YEAST RESEARCH, Issue 4 2009
    Ana Teresa Pinto e Silva
    Abstract Candida parapsilosis is a common isolate from clinical fungal infectious episodes. Resistance of C. parapsilosis to azoles has been increasingly reported. To analyse the development of resistance in C. parapsilosis, four azole-susceptible clinical strains and one American Type Culture Collection type strain were cultured in the presence of fluconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole at different concentrations. The isolates developed variable degrees of azole resistance according to the antifungal used. Fluconazole was the fastest inducer while posaconazole was the slowest. Fluconazole and voriconazole induced resistance to themselves and each other, but not to posaconazole. Posaconazole induced resistance to all azoles. Developed resistance was stable; it could be confirmed after 30 days of subculture in drug-free medium. Azole-resistant isolates revealed a homogeneous population structure; the role of azole transporter efflux pumps was minor after evaluation by microdilution and cytometric assays with efflux pump blockers (verapamil, ibuprofen and carbonyl cyanide 3-chloro-phenylhydrazone). We conclude that the rapid development of azole resistance occurs by a mechanism that might involve mutation of genes responsible for ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, stressed by exposure to antifungals. [source]

    Effect of the proton motive force inhibitor carbonyl cyanide- m -chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development

    LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
    A. Ikonomidis
    Abstract Aims:, Proton motive force (PMF) inhibition enhances the intracellular accumulation of autoinducers possibly interfering with biofilm formation. We evaluated the effect of the PMF inhibitor carbonyl cyanide- m -chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development. Methods and Results:, Four epidemiologically unrelated P. aeruginosa isolates were studied. A MexAB-oprM overproducing strain was used as control. Expression of gene mexB was examined and biofilm formation after incubation with 0, 12·5 and 25 ,mol l,1 of CCCP was investigated. Mean values of optical density were analysed with one-way analysis of variance and t -test. Two isolates subexpressed mexB gene and only 25 ,mol l,1 of CCCP affected biofilm formation. Biofilms of the other two isolates and control strain PA140 exhibited significantly lower absorbance (P ranging from <0·01 to <0·05) with either 12·5 or 25 ,mol l,1 of CCCP. Conclusions:, The PMF inhibitor CCCP effect was correlated with the expression of MexAB-OprM efflux system and found to compromise biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. Significance and Impact of the Study:, These data suggest that inhibition of PMF-dependent trasporters might decrease biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. [source]