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Capsular Invasion (capsular + invasion)
Selected AbstractsAbsence of microfollicular basement membrane: A new indicator in the diagnosis of follicular carcinoma thyroidDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2008Maheswar Sahoo M.D. Abstract The thyroid follicles represent a biological continuum. Each follicle is closely related to the follicle that is next to it. The important feature of a follicular carcinoma is a microfollicular pattern. We report a case of follicular carcinoma in a 48-year-old female that demonstrates microfollicles which are larger in size and contain more number of follicular cells in cytologic smears (20,29 cells) in contrary to the literature definition of microfollicles containing approximately 6,12 cells. We also demonstrate absence of basement membranes in these microfollicles in histologic sections by Silver Methanamine Stain, which may be an indicator to search for vascular and capsular invasion. This case report also describes postoperative positron emission tomography scan findings. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:519,522. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Expression, regulation, and function of ,V integrins in hepatocellular carcinoma: An in vivo and in vitro studyHEPATOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Mimoun Nejjari The expression of ,V integrins by neoplastic cells contributes to the promotion of local invasion and metastasis. The most characteristic extracellular ligands of ,V integrins are vitronectin and fibronectin. Hepatocytes are the main source of vitronectin, and the capacity to synthesize and secrete vitronectin is usually retained in hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to explore the expression, regulation, and functional role of ,V integrins in hepatocellular carcinoma. We first analyzed the expression of ,V integrins and their ligands fibronectin and vitronectin in 80 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. ,V integrin chain was detected in 44 cases and vitronectin in 50. Twenty-four of the 44 ,V-positive tumors contained large amounts of vitronectin. These cases presented more frequently with adverse histoprognostic factors, including infiltrative growth pattern (62.5%), lack of capsule (71%), presence of capsular invasion (57%), and satellite nodules (50%). We then used HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines as in vitro models to study ,V integrin regulation and function. HepG2 and Hep3B cells expressed ,V integrin chain and used ,V,1 and ,V,5 for adhesion and migration on vitronectin. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) , and transforming growth factor (TGF) , significantly increased the expression levels of ,V integrins and stimulated the adhesion and migration of both HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines on vitronectin. The effects of growth factors on cell adhesion and migration were reproduced by incubation with conditioned medium from rat liver myofibroblasts. In conclusion, our results support the existence of an ,V integrin/vitronectin connection in hepatocellular carcinoma and suggest that this connection may be an adverse prognostic factor. [source] E-cadherin expression in follicular carcinoma of the thyroidPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2002Noriko Kato Follicular carcinoma (FC) of the thyroid is distinguished from follicular adenoma (FA) by confirmation of invasion or metastasis. However, it is still unknown how FC acquires the potential for invasion or metastasis. Twenty early FC (pT1 and pT2) were analyzed for immunohistochemical E-cadherin (E-CD) expression. Four of four (100%) widely invasive FC showed reduced E-CD expression, whereas only two of 16 minimally invasive FC showed reduced expression. In most of the minimally invasive FC, both E-CD and , -catenin were expressed on cell,cell boundaries, even in areas where capsular invasion occurred. These results suggest that the mechanism of invasion may be different between widely invasive FC and minimally invasive FC, and that E-CD is probably responsible for the invasion of widely invasive FC. Analysis of methylation of the E-CD gene promoter using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) method revealed no methylated alleles in the DNA from FC. [source] Overexpression of p53 protein and MDM2 in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid: Correlations with clinicopathologic featuresPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2001Satoshi Horie Expression of p53 protein and MDM2 was evaluated in paraffin-embedded tissue from 78 patients with papillary carcinomas of the thyroid (PCT), in order to elucidate the relationship between them and their correlations with some clinicopathologic features implicated in tumor progression. These proteins were expressed in nuclei of tumor cells, but not in non-tumor cells. Staining was defined as positive when 10% or more of tumor cells expressed these proteins. The number of cases positive for p53 protein was 21/78 (27%), and that positive for MDM2 was 26/78 (33%). Co-overexpression of p53 protein and MDM2 was observed in 12/78 cases (15%). A significant positive relationship was found between them (P < 0.01); p53-positive cases tended to be also positive for MDM2 and vice versa. Statistical analysis revealed that overexpression of p53 protein significantly correlated with large tumor size (P = 0.0271) and the presence of capsular invasion (P = 0.04). There were significant positive correlations between tumor size and intrathyroidal invasion and between tumor size and capsular invasion in PCT, suggesting that p53 protein overexpression is associated only with tumor progression (tumor size). However, we could not find any significant correlations between MDM2 expression and clinicopathologic features. Our findings suggest that overexpression of p53 protein and MDM2 in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is associated with the progression of the tumors, and that p53 may be a marker of the progression of PCT. [source] The prognostic value of inducible nitric oxide synthase in local prostate cancerBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2000S.H. Aaltomaa Objective To compare the clinical and histological data from patients with prostate cancer with the results of the immunohistochemical analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and thus determine the prognostic value of iNOS. Patients and methods The study included 82 patients (mean age 64.6 years, sd 6.1) with local prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy in two Finnish hospitals. Their mean ( sd) follow-up was 3.3 (2.2) years. An immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of iNOS in these specimens, and the expression graded according to staining intensity as none, weak or strong. Results There was weak or strong expression of iNOS in 25 (31%) and 56 (68%) of the patients, respectively, and one specimen was negative for iNOS. Strong expression of iNOS was related to high a preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) level (P = 0.006) and high pT classification (P < 0.001), but not to nodal status, grade, seminal vesicle or capsular invasion, surgical margin status, perineural infiltration, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes or proliferation rate of cancer cells. A PSA failure was detected in 29 patients but was not predicted by iNOS expression. A Cox multivariate analysis showed that surgical margin positivity, seminal vesicle involvement and number of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes predicted the PSA failure. Conclusion A high expression of iNOS was related to a high pT classification and the preoperative PSA level but not to other established prognostic factors; iNOS expression was not a predictor of PSA failure in patients with local prostate cancer. [source] Pure versus follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomaCANCER, Issue 5 2003Clinical features, prognostic factors, survival, treatment Abstract BACKGROUND The follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) is a common subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Few studies have compared the clinical behavior and treatment outcome of patients with FVPTC with the outcome of patients with pure papillary carcinoma (PTC). A retrospective study was performed to identify the influence of FVPTC compared with PTC on therapeutic variables, prognostic variables, and survival. METHODS A clinicopathologic analysis of 243 patients with papillary carcinoma was performed. One hundred forty-three tumors were PTC, and 100 tumors were FVPTC. The following variables were evaluated: age at diagnosis, tumor size, stage of tumor, treatment, capsular invasion, and survival. RESULTS The median follow-up was 11.5 years. The median age was 43 years in the PTC group and 44 years in the FVPTC group. The median tumor size, disease stage, and type of initial surgery and iodine 131 ablation were similar. More patients had capsular invasion by the tumor and less metastases to cervical lymph nodes in the FVPTC group. The actuarial survival of patients age < 40 years was higher compared with the survival of patients age > 50 years in both groups. The 21-year overall actuarial survival was 82% in patients with PTC and 86% in patients with FVPTC (P value not significant). CONCLUSIONS The pathologic and clinical behaviors of PTC and FVPTC were comparable. Prognostic factors, treatment, and survival also were similar. Patients in both groups must be treated identically. Cancer 2003;97:1181,5. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11175 [source] | ||||||||||