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Capillary Blood Samples (capillary + blood_sample)
Selected AbstractsThe effect of weekly iron supplementation on anaemia and on iron deficiency among female tea pluckers in BangladeshJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 3 2001D. Gilgen Aim To investigate the effect of weekly iron supplementation on anaemia and iron deficiency among adult, female tea pluckers. Method A randomized double-blind intervention trial was conducted in a tea estate in Bangladesh where a total of 280 women received either weekly iron supplementation (200 mg ferrous fumarate and 200 mg folic acid) for 24 weeks or a matching placebo. Capillary blood samples were drawn at baseline and post-trial to determine haemoglobin, haematocrit and ferritin concentration. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was calculated using the haemoglobin and haematocrit values. Results The mean haemoglobin concentration in the supplemented group increased by 5.52 g L,1 over the study period, on average, while ferritin values decreased by 0.33 ,g L,1. The control group showed a decrease in both mean haemoglobin (,0.24 g L,1) and ferritin (,5.32 ,g L,1). Those individuals in the supplemented group with the lowest pretrial haemoglobin and ferritin values experienced the greatest improvements post-trial, whereas nonanaemic individuals showed a decrease in both haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations. A total of 62.2% of women in the supplemented group reported feeling better and more energetic compared to 51.1% in the placebo group; 14.4% of the supplemented group and 22.7% of the control group complained about side-effects. Conclusion Weekly iron supplementation was logistically simpler and cheaper than daily supplementation but would have to be continued on a longer term basis in order to combat both anaemia and iron deficiency. [source] Significant differences between capillary and venous complete blood counts in the neonatal periodINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2003S.M. Kayiran Summary The normal capillary and venous hematologic values for neonates have not been defined clearly. It is well known that capillary blood has higher hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values than venous blood. In a recent study, we reported differences between capillary and venous complete blood counts (CBC) in healthy term neonates on day 1 of life. The aim of this study was to extend our previous investigation. Term neonates (n=141) were stratified into four groups by days of postnatal age: group 2 (day 7, n=38), group 3 (day 14, n=35), group 4 (day 21, n=32) and, group 5 (day 28, n=36). Data from our previous study were included in the statistical analysis as group 1 (day 1, n=95). A CBC and differential count were carried out on each capillary and venous sample drawn simultaneously. Within each group, the mean and standard deviation for each parameter in capillary and venous blood were calculated and then compared using the paired sample t -test. In all groups, the capillary blood samples had higher Hb, Hct, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and lymphocyte counts. In each group, venous platelet counts were significantly higher than the corresponding capillary values. There was also a trend toward higher venous mean corpuscular volume, higher capillary polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PML) count and mean platelet volume in all groups. In both capillary and venous blood, Hb, Hct, RBC, MCV values and WBC, lymphocyte, PML counts decreased and platelet counts increased steadily during neonatal period. This study reveals that CBC parameters and differential counts may differ depending on the blood sampling used. The findings underline the importance of considering the sample source when using hematologic reference ranges for healthy or septic neonates. When interpreting results, the term ,peripheral blood' should be replaced with ,capillary blood' or ,venous blood' so that an accurate assessment can be made. [source] Changing from a mixed to self-selected vegetarian diet , influence on blood lipidsJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 5 2002F. Robinson Abstract Objective To observe any changes in serum concentrations of lipids, when UK meat-eaters switch to a self selected vegetarian diet for 6 months. Design Observational study using capillary blood samples and 3-day estimated dietary diary. Setting Free-living subjects in the North-West of England. Subjects Twelve male and 31 female adult volunteers aged between 18 and 42 years. Outcome measures Serum lipids; nutrient intake and anthropometric measurements at baseline and 6 months after switching to a self-selected vegetarian diet. Results Total energy intake and amount of energy derived from saturated fatty acids decreased significantly after changing to a vegetarian diet (P < 0.05) whereas energy derived from carbohydrate, and intakes of nonstarch polysaccharide intake increased. On switching to a vegetarian diet, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were not significantly changed, but HDL-C was 21% higher than at baseline (1.21 mmol L,1 vs. 1.47 mmol L,1; P = 0.001). Conclusions These results suggest that beneficial changes to diet occurred on changing to a self-selected vegetarian diet. Changing to a self-selected vegetarian diet appears to be one way of achieving a better blood lipid profile. [source] Effect of breathing a mixture of 92% O2 + 8% CO2 on flicker induced vasodilatationACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009M LASTA Purpose It has been shown that increased neural activity evoked by stimulation with diffuse luminance flicker increases retinal and optic nerve head blood flow. Beside others, an increased oxygen demand has been attributed to evoke the flicker response. This study seeks to investigate whether the flicker light induced increase in retinal vessel diameters is different in subjects breathing 92% O2 + 8% CO2 compared to breathing room air. Methods 24 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Diameters of retinal vessels were recorded continuously with a Retinal Vessel Analyzer. During this measurement flicker stimulation was applied at a frequency of 8 Hz. Subjects were breathing a combination of 92% O2 + 8% CO2 and room air in a randomized, two way cross over design. Flicker responses were assessed during the two breathing periods. Blood gas values were determined from capillary blood samples. Results Under room air conditions flicker stimulation significantly increased retinal venous diameters (p<0.05). Breathing of 92% O2 + 8% CO2 increased pO2 from 88±18 mmHg to 277±71 mmHg (p<0.05) and pCO2 from 37±3 mmHg to 46±6 mmHg (p<0.05). Breathing a combination of 92% O2 + 8% CO2 significantly increased flicker induced vasodilatation in retinal veins compared to room air (p<0.05). Conclusion Breathing of a combination of 92% O2 + 8% CO2 increases the response of retinal venous diameters to stimulation with flicker light. The reason for this effect has, however, yet to be clarified. [source] A comparison of ex vivo cytokine production in venous and capillary bloodCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 3 2007M. Eriksson Summary We performed a randomized study of the immunological effects of an early measles vaccine given at 4·5 months of age and aimed to obtain venous samples from the infants at baseline and 6 weeks later. If this was not feasible, a capillary sample was obtained. We analysed baseline samples from the first 50 children enrolled in the study to investigate the potential differences in ex vivo cytokine production between venous blood and capillary blood. We also obtained paired venous and capillary blood samples from 11 adult volunteers. Whole blood was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 ligand], (S)-(2, 3-bis (palmitoyloxy)-(2-RS)-propyl)-N-palmitoyl-(R)-Cys-(S)-Ser-(S)-Lys4-OH, trihydrochloride (PAM3Cys) (a TLR-2 ligand), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or purified protein derivative (PPD). Cytokine concentrations in the supernatants were assessed by a multiplexed assay and were compared between venous and capillary samples in both infants and adults. The production of both the pro- and the anti-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-, and interleukin (IL)-10, was higher in cultures of capillary blood compared with venous blood. This was found in non-stimulated control samples as well as in blood stimulated with PAM3Cys and PPD. Adults produced more IL-5 in venous blood than in capillary blood upon PHA stimulation. We found no other difference in the levels of IL-5 or IFN-, between venous and capillary blood. In capillary blood we found sex differences in response to PHA but this was not the case in venous blood. We found significant differences in the production of cytokines between venous and capillary blood. Such differences should be taken into account when setting up immuno-epidemiological studies. [source] Randomized double-blind controlled trial on the effects on iron status in the first year between a no added iron and standard infant formula received for three months,ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2002DP Tuthill Recent research has not only questioned the necessity of iron supplementation in human milk substitutes prior to weaning, but also suggested some potential adverse effects. This study investigated the hypothesis that infant formula need not contain added iron in the first 3 mo. Healthy term infants were recruited into a double-blind controlled trial and randomized to receive either a new no added iron formula (New; <0.1 mg Fe 100 ml,1) or a standard formula (Standard; 0.5 mg Fe 100 ml,1) for the first 3 mo of life. A breastfed reference group was also studied. Iron status was assessed at 3 and 12 mo from heel-prick capillary blood samples evaluated by full blood-count analysis, including reticulocytes and serum ferritin. In total, 149 infants were entered (51 New, 49 Standard, 49 breastfed) with no differences between the groups in gender distribution, birthweight, gestation or numbers completing the study. There were no significant differences between the principal outcome measures: mean values for haemoglobin, mean cell volume and ferritin, between the two formula-fed groups, and the proportion with a haemoglobin level <11 g dl,1 or ferritin <10 ,g l,1 did not differ. Conclusion: The use of a "no added iron" infant formula in place of an iron-fortified formula during the first 3 mo of life did not clinically affect iron status at 3 and 12 mo of age. The universal supplementation of formulae with iron during this initial period needs further consideration. [source] | ||||||||||