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Candidate Risk Factors (candidate + risk_factor)
Selected AbstractsPolymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and their associations with risk of schizophrenia and selected anthropometric measuresAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2006H.Y. Handoko The association between vitamin D levels and skeletal growth has long been recognized. However, exposure to low levels of vitamin D during early life is also known to alter brain development, and is a candidate risk factor for schizophrenia. This study examines the association between four polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 1) risk of schizophrenia, and 2) three anthropometric variables (height, head size, and head shape). Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs10735810/FokI, rs1544410/BsmI, rs7975232/ApaI, and rs731236/TaqI) in the VDR gene were genotyped in 179 individuals with schizophrenia and 189 healthy controls. No significant associations were detected between any of the four VDR SNPs and risk of schizophrenia. Patients were slightly but significantly shorter compared to controls. Of the four SNPs, only rs10735810/FokI was associated with any of the anthropometric measures: the M4 isoform of this SNP was significantly associated with larger head size (P = 0.002). In light of the evidence demonstrating a role for vitamin D during brain development, the association between polymorphisms in VDR and brain development warrants closer scrutiny. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:415,417, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Non-fatal major bleeding during treatment with vitamin K antagonists: influence of soluble thrombomodulin and mutations in the propeptide of coagulation factor IXJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 7 2004J. F. Van Der Heijden Summary., Background and objectives : The key complication of treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) is bleeding. The major determinant of VKA-induced bleeding is the intensity of anticoagulation. Individual patient characteristics may also influence bleeding risk. In addition, soluble thrombomodulin (s-TM) levels and mutations in the propeptide of factor (F)IX are important candidate risk factors in this respect. Patients and methods : A matched case,control study was designed to search for risk factors that predict bleeding during VKA treatment. We selected cases that had experienced major bleeding during treatment with VKA and matched controls without bleeding complications from the databases of two Thrombosis Services. The controls were matched for indication of treatment, age, gender, type of anticoagulant used and whether or not treatment with VKA was stopped. DNA and plasma were stored of all cases and controls. Results and conclusions : In total 110 patients and 220 controls consented to participate. The results indicate that s-TM levels, measured by ELISA, may be a risk indicator for bleeding [crude odds ratio 3.25 for the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile (95% confidence interval 1.40, 7.51)]. Three novel mutations, determined by direct sequencing, in the gene portion encoding the propeptide of FIX were identified that do not seem to play an important role in bleeding risk during treatment with VKAs. [source] A common ABCC2 promoter polymorphism is not a determinant of the risk of spina bifida ,BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH, Issue 6 2004Liselotte E. Jensen Abstract BACKGROUND There is compelling evidence that the risk of spina bifida, a malformation of the caudal neural tube, is associated with maternal and/or embryonic disturbances in folate/homocysteine metabolism. Hence, functional variants of genes that influence folate/homocysteine metabolism constitute a biologically plausible group of candidate risk factors for spina bifida and other neural tube defects. One such candidate is ABCC2, the gene encoding ABCC2, (a.k.a. canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter [cMOAT], multidrug resistance related protein 2 [MRP2]), a member of the ABC transporter family that effluxes natural folates and anti-folate drugs such as methotrexate. METHODS The association between the risk of spina bifida and both the maternal and embryonic ABCC2 C(,24)T genotype was evaluated by using the transmission disequilibrium test and log-linear modeling. RESULTS These analyses provided no evidence that the risk of spina bifida was significantly related to either the maternal or embryonic ABCC2 C(,24)T genotype. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present analyses suggest that the C(,24)T variant of the ABCC2 gene is not a major determinant of spina bifida risk. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Smoking in pregnancy: a risk factor for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants?ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 7 2010U Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Abstract Aim:, To assess whether smoking in pregnancy influences neurodevelopmental outcome at 2-years of age in preterm infants with a gestational age <32 weeks. Methods:, Between January 2003 and December 2005 we prospectively enrolled 181 infants born alive between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation; 142 infants (78.5%) completed the follow-up visit. The association between candidate risk factors and delayed motor or mental development (Bayley Scales of Infant Development II; psychomotor or mental developmental index <85) was analysed by means of logistic regression analysis. Results:, Low maternal age, smoking in pregnancy, low gestational age, low birth weight, small for gestational age, chronic lung disease, intracerebral haemorrhage, periventricular leucomalacia, and retinopathy of prematurity (stages 3 and 4) all were associated with an increased risk for delayed development (p < 0.05, each). Smoking in pregnancy, small for gestational age and chronic lung disease maintained significance in a multivariable analysis. Conclusion:, Smoking in pregnancy emerged as a risk predictor for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in our study. Strategies to reduce smoking in pregnancy should be further endorsed. [source] Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants: risk factor profiles for different gestational agesACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 5 2009U Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Abstract Aim: Assessment of risk predictors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age in preterm infants with a gestational age <30 weeks (Group I) and 30,32 weeks (Group II). Methods: Between January 2003 and December 2006, we prospectively enrolled 310 live-born infants between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation. The association between candidate risk factors and delayed motor or mental development (Bayley Scales of infant development II; psychomotor or mental developmental index <85) was analysed by means of logistic regression analysis. Results: Two hundred and fifty infants were eligible for follow-up, and 205 (82.0%) completed the follow-up visit. Intracerebral haemorrhage, small for gestational age and late-onset sepsis were associated with an increased risk for delayed development in Group I (p < 0.05, each). Premature rupture of membranes was a risk condition relevant to Group II. Antenatal steroids were associated with a decreased risk of neurodevelopmental delay in both groups. Conclusion: This study identified distinct risk factors for adverse outcome in preterm infants of lower (<30 weeks) and higher (30,32 weeks) gestational age. In the lower gestational age group, neonatal risk predictors are most important. Antenatal steroids appear to decrease the risk for adverse outcome in both age groups. [source] | |||||||||||||