|
| ||
|
|
||
Cancer Pathways (cancer + pathway)
Selected AbstractsIntegrative analysis of cancer pathway progression and coherencePROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, Issue 4 2009Ertugrul Dalkic Abstract We analyzed the cancer pathways in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) database. The database provides a collective of signaling pathway members involved in cancer progression. However, the KEGG cancer pathways, unlike signaling pathways, have not been analyzed extensively with gene expression and mutation data. We transformed the colorectal cancer pathway into discrete X and Y scales and analyzed the relative expression levels of adenoma and carcinoma samples as well as the distribution of mutation targets. The X scale corresponds to the downstream location in a pathway, whereas the Y scale corresponds to the stage of the tumor. The gene expression values of the early stage pathway members are significantly higher than of the rest of the pathway members in colorectal adenoma tissues. The colorectal cancer pathway shows some degree of coherence in the carcinoma samples. The correlated gene pairs responsible for the coherence of the colorectal cancer pathway in the carcinoma samples are supported, in part, by the literature and may suggest novel regulatory associations. Finally, there are more mutation targets in the nucleus as well as the late tumor stages of the KEGG colorectal cancer pathway. [source] Somatic mutations of adenomatous polyposis coli gene and nuclear b-catenin accumulation have prognostic significance in invasive urothelial carcinomas: Evidence for Wnt pathway implicationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 1 2009Efstathios Kastritis Abstract Wnt pathway signaling is crucial in many cancers and data indicate crosstalk with other key cancer pathways, however in urothelial carcinogenesis it has not been extensively studied. We searched for mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a key regulator of the pathway, and studied b-catenin expression and interactions with the expression of other markers of apoptosis, angiogenesis, and proliferation in patients with invasive urothelial cancer. The mutation cluster region of APC was directly sequenced in 70 patients with muscle invasive disease who were treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. COX-2, p53, Ki67, and b-catenin were studied immunohistochemically and micro vessel density was quantified by CD105 expression. Single somatic amino-acid substitutions (missense) were found in 9 (13%) and frameshift deletions in 2 (3%) tumors, all located in regions adjacent to b-catenin binding sites. Patients having either APC missense mutations or b-catenin nuclear accumulation had less frequent COX-2 overexpression (24% vs. 76%, p = 0.043) and more frequent lymph node involvement (75% vs. 38%, p = 0.023). Patients with either APC mutations or b-catenin accumulation had shorter disease-free interval (13.4 vs. 28 months, p = 0.07), whereas in multivariate analysis they had shorter disease-specific survival (60.5 vs. 20.6 months, p = 0.048). Somatic APC missense mutations are not rare in advanced urothelial neoplasms. Either APC mutations and/or aberrant expression of b-catenin are associated with worse outcome. Further study of the role of the Wnt pathway, potential crosstalk with other pathways and potential candidate therapeutic targets in urothelial cancer is needed. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Conquering cancer through discovery researchIUBMB LIFE, Issue 9 2010William C. S. Cho Abstract Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer research improves our understanding of cancer biology, which leads to the discoveries of novel detection approaches and effective therapies for cancer. Translational cancer medicine changes essential science breakthroughs to the practice of medicine and uses clinical result to supply back into basic research. This article covers some studies in the field of translational cancer medicine including the identification of 319 driver genes and the 12 core cancer pathways, the use of MammaPrint in breast cancer, the development of OncoMap, the progress in genome-wide association studies, as well as the generation of microRNA networks in cancer and leukemia. Apart from cancer genome, cancer stem cells, immune and tumor microenvironment are also discussed. In addition, some innovations in translational cancer medicine are introduced. A number of targeted agents have been developed, such as the histone deacetylases inhibitors, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, anti-mammalian target of rapamycin agents, and PI3K pathway inhibitors. There are also reports of the results from some important clinical trials, including the STAR P-2 trial, NeoBIG program, and BATTLE trial. This review focuses on discussions that emphasize the marriage between curiosity-driven basic research and patient care-focused clinical investigations. With highlights on the most up-to-date molecular, cellular, clinical, and therapeutic cancer research findings, this article tends to provide a wealth of insights into better understanding of the complexity of cancer. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(9): 655,659, 2010 [source] Integrative analysis of cancer pathway progression and coherencePROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, Issue 4 2009Ertugrul Dalkic Abstract We analyzed the cancer pathways in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) database. The database provides a collective of signaling pathway members involved in cancer progression. However, the KEGG cancer pathways, unlike signaling pathways, have not been analyzed extensively with gene expression and mutation data. We transformed the colorectal cancer pathway into discrete X and Y scales and analyzed the relative expression levels of adenoma and carcinoma samples as well as the distribution of mutation targets. The X scale corresponds to the downstream location in a pathway, whereas the Y scale corresponds to the stage of the tumor. The gene expression values of the early stage pathway members are significantly higher than of the rest of the pathway members in colorectal adenoma tissues. The colorectal cancer pathway shows some degree of coherence in the carcinoma samples. The correlated gene pairs responsible for the coherence of the colorectal cancer pathway in the carcinoma samples are supported, in part, by the literature and may suggest novel regulatory associations. Finally, there are more mutation targets in the nucleus as well as the late tumor stages of the KEGG colorectal cancer pathway. [source] Divergent cancer pathways for early onset and late onset cutaneous malignant melanomaCANCER, Issue 10 2010A role for sex-site interaction Men and women with trunk melanoma have different age distributions. Age-specific rates in women suggest a possible role of female hormones in this location. [source] Reply to Divergent cancer pathways for early-onset and late-onset cutaneous malignant melanomaCANCER, Issue 10 2010A role for same-sex interaction No abstract is available for this article. [source] | |||||||||||||