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Campylobacter Infection (campylobacter + infection)
Selected AbstractsDynamics of Campylobacter colonization of a natural host, Sturnus vulgaris (European Starling)ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009F. M. Colles Summary Wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) shed Campylobacter at high rates, suggesting that they may be a source of human and farm animal infection. A survey of Campylobacter shedding of 957 wild starlings was undertaken by culture of faecal specimens and genetic analysis of the campylobacters isolated: shedding rates were 30.6% for Campylobacter jejuni, 0.6% for C. coli and 6.3% for C. lari. Genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antigen sequence typing established that these bacteria were distinct from poultry or human disease isolates with the ST-177 and ST-682 clonal complexes possibly representing starling-adapted genotypes. There was seasonal variation in both shedding rate and genotypic diversity, both exhibiting a maximum during the late spring/early summer. Host age also affected Campylobacter shedding, which was higher in younger birds, and turnover was rapid with no evidence of cross-immunity among Campylobacter species or genotypes. In nestlings, C. jejuni shedding was evident from 9 days of age but siblings were not readily co-infected. The dynamics of Campylobacter infection of starlings differed from that observed in commercial poultry and consequently there was no evidence that wild starlings represent a major source of Campylobacter infections of food animals or humans. [source] Campylobacter and IFN, interact to cause a rapid loss of epithelial barrier integrityINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 3 2008Louisa E.N. Rees PhD Abstract Background: The intestinal epithelium is a single layer of polarized cells and is the primary barrier separating foreign antigen and underlying lymphoid tissue. IFN, alters epithelial barrier function during inflammation by disrupting tight cell junctions and facilitating the paracellular transport of luminal antigens. The aim of this work was to determine whether Campylobacter infection of cells exposed to IFN, would lead to greater disruption of cell monolayers and hence increased bacterial translocation. Methods: Monolayers were polarized on Transwell polycarbonate membranes for 14 days and then cultured in the presence or absence of 100 U/mL IFN,. Campylobacter was added to the apical side of the monolayer at an MOI of 30. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was recorded and bacteria in the basal well counted every 2 hours. Cells were stained for occludin, actin, and nuclear DNA, and cell viability determined by measurement of apoptosis. Results: In the presence of IFN,, TEER dropped significantly after 18 hours, indicating a reduction in barrier function. A further significant decrease was seen in the presence of both IFN, and Campylobacter, indicating a synergistic effect, and cellular morphology and viability were affected. Bacterial translocation across the monolayer was also significantly greater in the presence of IFN,. Conclusions: These combined effects indicate that Campylobacter infection concomitant with intestinal inflammation would result in a rapid and dramatic loss of epithelial barrier integrity, which may be a key event in the pathogenesis of Campylobacter -mediated colitis and the development of bloody diarrhea. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007) [source] Genotyping of Campylobacter spp. from retail meats by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotypingJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2006B. Ge Abstract Aims:, To determine the genetic relatedness of Campylobacter spp. from retail meat products, and compare the discriminatory power of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and automatic ribotyping. Methods and Results:, A total of 378 Campylobacter isolates recovered from 159 raw meats (130 chicken, 25 turkey, three pork and one beef) sampled from 50 retail grocery stores of four supermarket chains in the Maryland suburban area from August 1999 to July 2000 were analysed by PFGE with SmaI, 120 isolates of which were also characterized by ribotyping with PstI using RiboPrinter® system. A total of 148 unique PFGE patterns were identified, 91 of which were present in multiple Campylobacter isolates and 24 in multiple meat samples. Nineteen Campylobacter clones with identical PFGE patterns recurred frequently (up to nine times) throughout the sampling period. Comparing ribotyping with PFGE, we identified 44 PFGE patterns and 22 RiboGroups among the 120 isolates tested. Multiple PFGE patterns within one RiboGroup were commonly observed, as well as multiple RiboGroups within one PFGE pattern. Conclusions:, Although Campylobacter present in retail meats were genetically diverse, certain clones persisted in poultry meats. PFGE had a greater discriminatory power than ribotyping, and the two methods were complementary in genotyping Campylobacter. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Genomic DNA fingerprinting of Campylobacter confirmed diverse and recurrent Campylobacter clones in the retail meats, which provides additional data for a better understanding of the epidemiological aspect of Campylobacter infection. [source] Coinfection with Campylobacter species: an epidemiological problem?JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001J.F. Richardson Aims: To determine the frequency of coinfection with multiple strains in sporadic cases of human Campylobacter infection. Method and Results: During 1999 10 single colonies of Campylobacter were cultured from each of 53 positive faecal samples. Five isolates were taken from nonselective agar after passive filtration of faecal suspensions and five isolates were taken from selective agar plates. All isolates were sero- and phage typed and their antibiotic resistance determined. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and flagellin gene typing were performed on selected isolates. One patient was infected with Camp. coli, the remainder with strains of Camp. jejuni. The majority of patients was infected with a single strain of Campylobacter, but from each of four samples, 7·5%, two strains of Camp. jejuni, confirmed by molecular typing, were identified. Conclusions: Coinfection occurs in sporadic cases of campylobacteriosis. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study has implications in outbreak investigation when distinct strains have been isolated from epidemiologically related patients and/or the suspected source or vehicle. [source] Bacteraemia as a result of Campylobacter species: a population-based study of epidemiology and clinical risk factorsCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 1 2010H. Nielsen Abstract Invasive disease as a result of Campylobacter is rarely reported. We reviewed 46 cases of blood stream infection with Campylobacter in a Danish population with complete follow-up. The incidence was 2.9 per 1 million person-years with a peak incidence in the age group above 80 years. In the population, the ratio of notified bacteraemia/enteritis patients with Campylobacter infection was 0.004. Patients with bacteraemia were older and had higher comorbidity, e.g. alcoholism, immunosuppression, previous gastrointestinal surgery or HIV infection. We found 26% of blood isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin. The length of hospitalization was significantly longer in bacteraemia patients, whereas the outcome was favourable with 28-day mortality of 4% in bacteraemia patients and 1% in enteritis patients. None of the bacteraemia patients relapsed within 365-day follow-up. [source] Campylobacter infections of the pericardium and myocardiumCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 4 2005C. Uzoigwe Abstract Members of the genus Campylobacter are notorious for their ability to cause gastroenteritis. However, increasing numbers of case reports now suggest that they may have a wider pathogenic repertoire. Pericarditis and myocarditis are increasingly being recognised as sequelae of Campylobacter infection. Although rare, these presentations are important, as misdiagnosis may result in inappropriate thrombolysis or angioplasty, with potential accompanying complications. Extraintestinal Campylobacter infections, and the resulting pathogenesis, remain an important challenge for the 21st century, particularly as immunocompromised patients are likely to become increasingly common. [source] | |||||||||||||