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CM Group (cm + group)
Selected AbstractsSevere falciparum malaria and acquired childhood language disorderDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2006Julie A Carter BSc (Hons) MSc PhD Language disorders have been reported after severe falciparum malaria but the deficits have not been described in detail. We assessed language outcome in three groups of children aged 6 to 9 years (n=487): those previously admitted to Kilifi District Hospital, Kenya, with cerebral malaria (CM; n=152; mean age 7y 4 mo [SD 1y 1mo]; 77 males, 75 females); or those with malaria and complicated seizures (M/S; n=156; mean age 7y 4mo [SD 1y 2mo]; 72 males, 84 females); and those unexposed to either condition (n=179; mean age 7y 6mo [SD 1y 1mo]; 93 males, 86 females). Median age at hospital admission was 28 months (interquartile range [IQR] 19 to 44 mo) among children with a history of CM and 23 months (IQR 12 to 35mo) among children with a history of M/S. A battery of eight assessments covering the major facets of speech and language was used to measure language performance. Cognitive performance, neurological/motor skills, behaviour, hearing, and vision were also measured. Eighteen (11.8%) of the CM group, 14 (9%) of the M/S group, and four (2.2%) of the unexposed group were found to have a language impairment. CM (odds ratio 3.68,95% confidence interval 1.09 to 12.4, p=0.04) was associated with significantly increased odds of an impairment-level score relative to the unexposed group. The results suggest that falciparum malaria is one of the most common causes of acquired language disorders in the tropics. [source] Epilepsy as a Consequence of Cerebral Malaria in Area in Which Malaria Is Endemic in Mali, West AfricaEPILEPSIA, Issue 5 2006Edgard Brice Ngoungou Summary:,Purpose: Cerebral malaria (CM) is suspected to be a potential cause of epilepsy in tropical areas, but little information is available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of CM in epilepsy among children in Mali. Methods: An exposed,nonexposed study was performed to identify children who had epilepsy after malaria in the 0- to 15-year age group. The exposure factor was CM defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and the nonexposure factor was symptomatic malaria without the characteristics of CM (NCM). All the children underwent a screening questionnaire and were examined by a medical physician. After the screening phase, a specialist in neuropediatrics examined the children suspected to have epilepsy. EEG and computed tomography (CT) scans were performed in some of these patients. Results: In total, 101 subjects who had had CM and 222 who had had NCM were included. Fifty-four children (CM, 34; NCM, 20) were suspected to have epilepsy, and six were confirmed (CM, five; NCM, one). The incidence rate was 17.0 per 1000 person-years in the CM group and 1.8 per 1000 person-year in the NCM group; thus the relative risk (RR) was 9.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3,80.3; p = 0.02]. After adjustment on age and duration of follow-up, the RR was 14.3 (95% CI, 1.6,132.0; p = 0.01). Conclusions: The risk of sequelar epilepsy is significantly higher in the CM group compared with the NCM group. A reevaluation of this cohort should be carried out later to search for temporal epilepsy that appeared after age 10 years. [source] Failure Modes with Point Loading of Three Commercially Available Denture TeethJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 6 2008Andrew R. Moffitt DDS Abstract Purpose: A common problem associated with implant-supported prostheses is the fracture of denture teeth. This study was designed to compare the fracture modes of three denture teeth by compressive load at a 30° off-axis angle. Material and Methods: Three denture teeth (Vident Duostat, Ivoclar Vivadent, and Dentsply Trubyte) processed to two denture base processing systems [injection-molded (IM) SR-Ivocap system and compression-molded (CM) denture base resin] were evaluated. Each specimen was processed to a metal framework. Ultimate failure strength of each system when point loaded at a 30° off-axis angle was recorded, along with a visual inspection of each specimen. Results: The average load fracture for each group was (in N): Vident CM 1106.97 ± 223.20, Vident IM 1168.18 ± 322.52, Dentsply CM 1098.08 ± 286.32, Dentsply IM 1023.80 ± 282.45, Ivoclar CM 1616.98 ± 204.87, and Ivoclar IM 1373.54 ± 282.58. There was a significant difference between the groups and the Ivoclar CM group. The Ivoclar CM group had the highest average load force, and the Dentsply IM group had the lowest average load force. On average, the teeth within the groups fractured at a higher compression force than the average maximum occlusal force in natural dentition. Dentsply and Vident denture teeth fractured more horizontally, and the Ivoclar denture teeth fractured more vertically within the groups. There was no significant difference among the groups between the IM and CM processing methods. Conclusions: In the present in vitro study, all specimens were able to withstand 30° off-axis loading with the exception of one specimen. With these results, this would indicate that these denture teeth are able to withstand normal occlusal forces. [source] Diagnosis of pulmonary aspiration: A mouse model using a starch granule test in bronchoalveolar lavageRESPIROLOGY, Issue 4 2008Leonardo A. PINTO Background and objective: Pulmonary aspiration (PA) is a significant respiratory disease in children. However, the diagnosis of aspiration is often difficult owing to the poor efficacy of currently available diagnostic tests. The aim of this study was to assess in a mouse model the specificity of starch granule detection in BAL as a new method for detecting PA in children. Methods: Twenty BALB/c mice were divided into the following groups according to the solution instilled into the airways: corn flour milk 7.5%,a source of starch (CM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, normal saline and a control group. BAL was performed 2 days after instillation. Detection of starch granules and lipid-laden macrophages were compared in BAL. Results: Starch granules were detected in BAL fluids from all mice in the CM group (food aspiration model), whereas no starch granules were detected in the other three groups, demonstrating a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. On the other hand, lipid-laden macrophages were found in all mice from all the groups studied. Conclusions: The detection of starch granules in BAL is a simple and highly specific method for the diagnosis of PA in an experimental model. Clinical studies using the starch granule detection method in BAL should be tested in at risk patients to evaluate the utility of this method for investigating PA. [source] | ||||||||||