|
| ||
|
|
||
Brothers
Kinds of Brothers Selected Abstracts"A Speedy Release to Our Suffering Captive Brethren in Algiers": Captives, Debate, and Public Opinion in the Early American RepublicTHE HISTORIAN, Issue 4 2009David Dzurec First page of article [source] Religious Migration and Political Upheaval: German Moravians at Bethel in South Australia, 1851,1907AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF POLITICS AND HISTORY, Issue 3 2010Felicity Jensz During the evangelical awakening of eighteenth-century Europe, numerous religious communities were founded in order to create a geographical space in which religious and social identities could be constructed, including several communities of the Moravian Church. This Protestant Episcopal Church was based in Germany, but expanded from the mid-eighteenth century throughout the colonial world in response to political turmoil. This paper traces the establishment of the Moravian town of Bethel in South Australia and the role of religion and ethnic backgrounds in the identification processes of Europeans in the British colonial world. It further analyses the role of politics both locally and internationally in the formation of such a settlement, and the dynamic exchange between the European headquarters of the Brethren and the "colony" of Moravians in South Australia in order to demonstrate how interactions between migration and religion affected the European world. [source] THE PANOPTICON'S CHANGING GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 3 2007JEROME E. DOBSON ABSTRACT. Over the past two centuries, surveillance technology has advanced in three major spurts. In the first instance the surveillance instrument was a specially designed building, Bentham's Panopticon; in the second, a tightly controlled television network, Orwell's Big Brother; today, an electronic human-tracking service. Functionally, each technology provided total surveillance within the confines of its designated geographical coverage, but costs, geographical coverage, and benefits have changed dramatically through time. In less than a decade, costs have plummeted from hundreds of thousands of dollars per watched person per year for analog surveillance or tens of thousands of dollars for incarceration to mere hundreds of dollars for electronic human-tracking systems. Simultaneously, benefits to those being watched have increased enormously, so that individual and public resistence are minimized. The end result is a fertile new field of investigation for surveillance studies involving an endless variety of power relationships. Our literal, empirical approach to panopticism has yielded insights that might have been less obvious under the metaphorical approach that has dominated recent scholarly discourse. We conclude that both approaches,literal and metaphorical,are essential to understand what promises to be the greatest instrument of social change arising from the Information Revolution. We urge public and scholarly debate,local, national, and global,on this grand social experiment that has already begun without forethought. [source] O Brother, where art thou?INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 3 2003The case for siblings, environment, inflammatory bowel disease No abstract is available for this article. [source] DiPAMP's Big Brother "i- Pr-SMS-Phos" Exhibits Exceptional Features Enhancing Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of OlefinsADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 17 2009Michel Stephan Abstract Switching Knowles DiPAMP's {DiPAMP=1,2-bis[(o -anisyl)(phenyl)phosphino]- ethane} MeO groups with i- PrO ones led to the i- Pr-SMS-Phos {i- Pr-SMS-Phos=1,2-bis[(o -isoprop- oxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphino]ethane} ligand which displayed a boosted catalyst activity coupled with an enhanced enantioselectivity in the rhodium(I)-catalyzed hydrogenation of a wide-range of representative olefinic substrates (dehydro-,-amido acids, itaconates, acrylates, enamides, enol acetates, ,,,-diarylethylenes, etc). The rhodium(I)-(i- Pr-SMS-Phos) catalytic profile was investigated revealing its structural attributes and robustness, and in contrast to the usual trend, 31P,NMR analysis revealed that its methyl (Z)-,-acetamidocinnamate (MAC) adduct consisted of a reversed diastereomeric ratio of 1.4:1 in favour of the most reactive diastereomer. [source] Brother (and Sister), can you spare the S100?JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Timothy H. McCalmont MD Editor-in-Chief No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gossip as strategy: The management of talk about others on reality TV show ,Big Brother'JOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 2 2004Joanna Thornborrow In this paper we examine the nature of gossip talk as an activity type in the context of the TV game show ,Big Brother'. Using a detailed analytic approach to the situated nature of gossip sequences, we show how participants in the show manage gossip talk strategically to establish social relationships within the house, as well as to present themselves in a positive way to the viewing (and voting) audience. We argue that there is a contextual double framing for talk in the Big Brother (BB) house which participants are orienting to, both as members of a social group, and as players in a TV game show. The paper thus contributes to existing work on the social function of gossip, as well as exploring its strategic function in this particular interactional context, calling into question the nature of ,natural' discourse. [source] Vajra Brother, Vajra Sister: Renunciation, Individualism and the Household in Tibetan Buddhist MonasticismTHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 1 2000Martin A. Mills This article challenges two connected notions in the study of Tibetan Buddhism: that Buddhist monasticism is characterized by a pronounced move towards individualism, systematically detaching monks from relational social life; and that Tibetan Buddhist doctrines of karma represent an alternative mode of identity to those constructed within household life. By comparing the ritual practices and inheritance patterns associated with household groups in Ladakh with tantric ritual forms in local Buddhist (Gelukpa) monasteries, it is argued that they demonstrate pronounced structural similarities, centred on the shared symbolic construct of the household/temple as the source of socialized agency. An analysis of the meditative disciplines of Gelukpa monasticism is used to show how such training serves not to renounce kinship and household values, but to transform them into modes of religious authority, essential to the social position of monks (trapa) and incarnate lamas (tulku) in Tibetan Buddhism. [source] Gossip as strategy: The management of talk about others on reality TV show ,Big Brother'JOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 2 2004Joanna Thornborrow In this paper we examine the nature of gossip talk as an activity type in the context of the TV game show ,Big Brother'. Using a detailed analytic approach to the situated nature of gossip sequences, we show how participants in the show manage gossip talk strategically to establish social relationships within the house, as well as to present themselves in a positive way to the viewing (and voting) audience. We argue that there is a contextual double framing for talk in the Big Brother (BB) house which participants are orienting to, both as members of a social group, and as players in a TV game show. The paper thus contributes to existing work on the social function of gossip, as well as exploring its strategic function in this particular interactional context, calling into question the nature of ,natural' discourse. [source] An Xp; Yq Translocation Causing a Novel Contiguous Gene Syndrome in Brothers with Generalized Epilepsy, Ichthyosis, and Attention DeficitsEPILEPSIA, Issue 12 2003Michael J. Doherty Summary:,Purpose: We describe two brothers with generalized epilepsy, attention deficits, congenital ichthyosis, and Leri,Weill dyschondrosteosis who harbor an unusual Xp; Yq translocation chromosome, resulting in a novel contiguous gene syndrome because of deletion of genes from the distal short arm of the X chromosome. Methods: Physical examination, neuropsychologic testing, EEG, and neuroimaging studies were performed. Because of their unusual phenotype, karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and further molecular analyses were carried out to refine the break points of the underlying unbalanced sex chromosome rearrangement. Results: The subjects had generalized epilepsy, X-linked ichthyosis, Madelung deformities, mesomelia, normal intelligence, and attention deficits. The brothers' karyotype was unbalanced; they inherited a maternal derivative X chromosome. Deleted distal Xp genes included short-stature homeobox on the X chromosome (SHOX), aryl sulfatase E (ARSE), variably charged X-chromosome mRNA gene A (VCX-A), and steroid sulfatase (STS). The final karyotype was 46,Y,der(X)t(X; Y)(p22.3; q11.2).ish der(X) (DXZ1+, KAL+, STS-, SHOX-) mat. Conclusions: Loss of distal contiguous Xp genes resulted in a syndrome comprising bony deformities, ichthyosis, attention problems, and generalized epilepsy. Candidate epilepsy genes within the deleted segment, such as ASMT, a gene involved in the final synthesis of melatonin, are discussed. Cytogenetic analyses should be included in the clinical evaluation of patients with generalized epilepsy and complex phenotypes. [source] Sex-specific familial risks of urinary bladder cancer and associated neoplasms in SwedenINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 9 2009Justo Lorenzo Bermejo Abstract Male gender and a family history of cancer are established risk factors for urinary bladder neoplasms. This study used the latest update of the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, which includes 42,255 bladder cancer patients, to investigate the sex-specific incidences and types of tumors in relatives of bladder cancer patients. Men with parents or siblings affected by lung cancer did not show an increased risk of bladder neoplasms. Among women, the familial association was restricted to daughters of women with lung cancer. Brothers showed higher risks than the sons of bladder cancer patients. Men older than 54 years were at an increased risk of bladder cancer only if their fathers or siblings were diagnosed after age 65 years. The present data indicated a limited contribution of smoking to the familial clustering of bladder cancer with other neoplasms. The dependence of the relative risks on the type of familial relationship probably reflected a heterogeneous character of familial aggregation. Age-specific results suggested differential risk factors for tumors diagnosed before 50 years of age versus neoplasms detected later in life. The present data may guide the design of forthcoming gene identification studies and the interpretation of the genome-wide association studies that are about to be published. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Global Financial Crisis and the Efficient Market Hypothesis: What Have We Learned?JOURNAL OF APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE, Issue 4 2009Ray Ball The sharp economic downturn and turmoil in the financial markets, commonly referred to as the "global financial crisis," has spawned an impressive outpouring of blame. The efficient market hypothesis (EMH),the idea that competitive financial markets exploit all available information when setting security prices,has been singled out for particular attention. Like all successful theories, the EMH has major limitations, even as it continues to provide the foundation for not only past accomplishment, but future advances in the field of finance. Despite the theory's undoubted limitations, the claim that it is responsible for the current worldwide crisis seems wildly exaggerated. This essay shows the misreading of the theory and logical inconsistencies involved in popular arguments that EMH played a significant role in (1) the formation of the real estate and stock market bubbles, (2) investment practitioners' miscalculation of risks, and (3) the failure of regulators to recognize the bubbles and avert the crisis. At the same time, the author argues that the collapse of Lehman Brothers and other large financial institutions, far from resulting from excessive faith in efficient markets, reflects a failure to heed the lessons of efficient markets. In the author's words, "To me, Lehman's demise conclusively demonstrates that, in a competitive capital market, if you take massive risky positions financed with extraordinary leverage, you are bound to lose big one day,no matter how large and venerable you are." Finally, behavioral finance, widely considered as challenging and even supplanting efficient markets theory, is viewed in this article as complementing if not reinforcing efficient markets theory. As the author says, "it takes a theory to beat a theory." Behavioralism, for all its important contributions to finance literature, is described as not a theory but rather "a collection of ideas and results", one that depends for its existence on the theory of efficient markets. [source] Architects of Empire: The Duke of Wellington and His Brothers , By John SevernPOLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Robert S. Robins First page of article [source] Auditory P300 Event-Related Potentials and Neurocognitive Functions in Opioid Dependent Men and Their BrothersTHE AMERICAN JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS, Issue 3 2009Shubh Mohan Singh MD Event-related-potentials (especially P300) and cognitive functioning as potential endophenotypes have not been studied in opioid dependence. We compared auditory P300 and cognitive functions in opioid-dependent men, their brothers and normal controls in an exploratory study with a view to find shared genetic factors in the development of opioid dependence. Twenty abstinent opioid-dependent males, their brothers and twenty matched controls were administered Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), digit span test, trail making test-B, and auditory event-related potentials (P300) from an oddball task were recorded. The opioid dependent group performed the worst, the brothers group was intermediate, and the control group performed the best on tests of WCST, digit span and trail making test-B. The opioid dependent group had the smallest amplitudes and longest latencies of P300, and was followed by the brothers group who had an intermediate position and the control group who had the largest amplitudes and the shortest latencies. P300 and executive neurocognitive functions can be considered endophenotypes for the genetic study of vulnerability to opioid dependence. These are reflective of executive dysfunction and disrupted behavioral inhibition and the intermediate position of brothers suggests a common genetic substrate as a component of the etiology. [source] Mark Twain and Orion Clemens: Brothers, Partners, Strangers by Philip Ashley FanningTHE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE, Issue 3 2006Ray B. Browne No abstract is available for this article. [source] Examination of long-term bond iShare option selling strategiesTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 5 2010David P. SimonArticle first published online: 31 JUL 200 This article examines volatility trades in Lehman Brothers 20+ Year US Treasury Index iShare (TLT) options from July 2003 through May 2007. Unconditionally selling front contract strangles and straddles and holding for one month is highly profitable after transactions costs. Short-term option selling strategies are enhanced when implied volatility is high relative to time series volatility forecasts. Risk management strategies such as stop loss orders detract from profitability, while take profit orders have only modest favorable effects on profitability. Overall, the results demonstrate that TLT option selling strategies offered attractive risk-return tradeoffs over the sample period. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:465,489, 2010 [source] ,You can do Nasty Things to your Brothers and Sisters without a Reason': Siblings' Backstage BehaviourCHILDREN & SOCIETY, Issue 5 2008Samantha Punch This article contributes to the recent, but still limited, literature on the sociology of sibship. It argues that during childhood the ambivalent love/hate nature of sibship is played out through the sharing of knowledge, time and space. It draws on the work of Goffman to illustrate that children's sibling interactions tend to consist of backstage, rather than frontstage, performances. The article is based on children's own perspectives from a sample of 90 children aged 5,17 drawn from 30 families of mixed socioeconomic backgrounds in central Scotland. [source] Two Brothers with Myocardial Infarction in the Absence of Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease: Spontaneous Coronary Thrombosis: Case Reports of Two BrothersCLINICAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 12 2009Jamal Hussain MD Myocardial infarction in the absence of significant atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is not uncommonly encountered in clinical practice. This has been more often seen with the current sensitive biomarker assays for myocardial necrosis. Acute illnesses, spontaneous coronary dissection, sepsis, pulmonary embolism and coagulation disorders are some of the common clinical situation where elevated cardiac markers are noted. We describe two brothers presenting with acute myocardial infarction due to thrombus without any obvious cause. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Sanfilippo B in an elderly female psychiatric patient: a rare but relevant diagnosis in presenile dementiaACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2010W. M. A. Verhoeven Verhoeven WMA, Csepán R, Marcelis CLM, Lefeber DJ, Egger JIM, Tuinier S. Sanfilippo B in an elderly female psychiatric patient: a rare but relevant diagnosis in presenile dementia. Objective:, Sanfilippo B is a rare autosomal recessive mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS IIIB) caused by a deficiency of N -acetyl-,-D-glucosaminidase (NAGLU). Method:, A mild mentally retarded elderly female patient is described with a slowly progressive dementia who had given birth to a daughter who developed normally. Results:, Metabolic screening revealed an enhanced concentration of heparan sulfate in urine. Enzymatic assay demonstrated deficiency of N -acetyl-,-D-glucosaminidase. Mutations in the NAGLU gene were found. One mentally retarded and hospitalized elder brother was also found to have MPS IIIB, whereas a second brother, who had died earlier, is suspected to have had the same metabolic disorder. Prior to the development of dementia, both the patient and her brother showed autistic like features, signs of ideomotor apraxia and weakness in verbal comprehension. Conclusion:, Screening for metabolic disorders, in particular MPSes, should always be considered in patients with a history of mental deficit and dementia or progressive functional decline. [source] Autosomal Recessive Idiopathic Epilepsy in an Inbred Family from Turkey: Identification of a Putative Locus on Chromosome 9q32-33EPILEPSIA, Issue 5 2004Betül Baykan Summary: Purpose: The study describes the clinical features of an inbred family from Turkey with three members affected by seizures and tests possible autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance by means of linkage analysis. Methods: Personal and family history was obtained from each subject, and general physical, neurologic, and EEG examinations were performed. A set of 382 fluorescence-labeled markers was used for the initial genome-wide search. A further set of 83 markers was used to map the locus precisely and to exclude the remaining genome. Results: Twelve individuals from three generations were examined. Two subjects were affected by idiopathic epilepsy, whereas, their brother experienced a single unprovoked generalized seizure. Two siblings affected by idiopathic epilepsy and their unaffected sister showed a photoparoxysmal response to photic stimulation. Nine family members reported migraine. The genome-wide search led to the identification of a unique homozygous, 15.1-cM region shared by subjects with seizures on chromosome 9q32-33 and providing a lod score of 2.9. This locus, however, was not associated with migraine in this pedigree. Conclusions: The study suggests that idiopathic epileptic traits with AR inheritance might be underestimated in the general population and that inbred pedigrees may represent powerful tools for the identification of AR genes. [source] Premating Avoidance of Inbreeding Absent in Female Guppies (Poecilia reticulata)ETHOLOGY, Issue 7 2006Ĺslaug Viken The recognition and avoidance of kin during mating can be an important means of reducing the potential for inbreeding depression in offspring. We report here that premating mechanisms to avoid inbreeding, either innate or learnt through juvenile experience, are at best weak in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Guppies are small, ovoviviparous, neo-tropical freshwater fish, with a polygamous mating system where males actively court females and females are selective of their mates. In a series of mate-choice experiments, naďve, virgin females of the Quare River population in Trinidad were given a choice between a brother and a non-sib male from the same population. Initially, females were only provided olfactory cues upon which to base their choice and then subsequently both olfactory and visual cues. Despite the females displaying mate choice, we found no evidence of them discriminating between the male types in either experiment. There was thus no indication of inbreeding avoidance, suggesting that experiences after maturation or with mature males (e.g. rare male preference), dispersal and/or post-mating mechanisms may be evolutionarily more important avoidance mechanisms. [source] Novel SDHD germ-line mutations in pheochromocytoma patientsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 7 2007C. Neumayer Abstract Background,SDHD germ-line mutations predispose to pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL). Material and methods, The incidence and types of SDHD germ-line mutations are determined in 70 patients with apparently sporadic adrenal and extra-adrenal PCC. Results,SDHD sequence variants were identified in the germ line of five patients. Two of three novel mutations were in exon 1 and one in exon 3. One patient had a codon 1 missense mutation (M1K) and a concurrent 3-bp deletion in intron 1. Three of 10 family members had only the exon 1 mutation, whereas one had only the intron 1 mutation. The other exon 1 mutation resulted from a deletion of nucleotides 28,33 with a 12-bp in-frame insertion (c.28_33 del ins TAGGAGGCCCTA). This mutation generated a premature stop codon after codon 9 and was also present in the brother who had a bilateral PCC. The third patient with a carotid body tumour, with an abdominal and a thoracic PGL had a 12-bp deletion in exon 3 (codons 91,94, c.271_282 del). Her father carried the same mutation and had bilateral carotid body tumours. Two further patients, one with six PGL, carried a previously described H50R polymorphism, whose disease-specific relevance is currently unclear. The three patients with bona fide SDHD mutations were younger than those without germ-line mutations. Conclusion,SDHD germ-line mutations are rare in patients with PCC, but their identification is an important prerequisite for the clinical care and appropriate management of affected individuals and their families. [source] Evolution of striatal degeneration in McLeod syndromeEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 4 2010P. O. Valko Background and purpose:, McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome (MLS) is an X-linked multisystem disorder with CNS manifestations resembling Huntington disease. Neuroimaging studies revealed striatal atrophy with predominance of the caudate nucleus. Our previous cross-sectional MRI study showed an association of volume loss in the caudate nucleus and putamen with the disease duration. Methods:, In the present study, we examined three brothers with genetically confirmed diagnosis of MLS using an observer-independent and fully automated subcortical segmentation procedure to measure striatal volumes. Results:, In a cross-sectional comparison with 20 healthy age-matched control men, the volumes of the caudate nucleus of the three patients were significantly smaller as confirmed by z -score transformations. On an individual basis, volumes in the two more severely affected and older patients were smaller than in the less affected younger brother. Longitudinal MRI-based measurements over 7 years demonstrated a statistical trend towards significant decreased caudate volumes in McLeod patients. Conclusions:, Our findings indicate that structural MRI combined with fully automated computational morphometric analyses represents an objective and observer-independent imaging tool for the representation of progressive striatal degeneration in MLS and might be a valuable methodology for cross-sectional as well as longitudinally volumetric studies in other rare neurodegenerative diseases, even on individual patients. [source] Effects of inbreeding on immune response and body size in a social insect, Bombus terrestrisFUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, Issue 5 2003C. U. Gerloff Summary 1Inbreeding can negatively affect various fitness components. Here we examine how immune response and body size of a social insect are affected by inbreeding, sex and ploidy. 2In the bumble-bee, Bombus terrestris (L.), the offspring of colonies resulting from brother,sister matings were compared with that of outbred colonies. Immune response was measured as the degree of encapsulation of a novel antigen, body size as the length of the radial cell in the forewings. 3Inbreeding affected neither immune response nor body size in either workers or haploid males under laboratory conditions. However, fitness characteristics varied significantly among maternal families and colonies. The lack of detectable inbreeding depression for two fitness components might help explain why B. terrestris is a good colonizer in nature. 4In addition, sex and ploidy strongly affected the fitness components studied: diploid males had a significantly lower immune response than haploid males, who in turn had a significantly lower immune response than workers of the same colony. The body size of diploid males was intermediate between the body size of workers and haploid males. [source] HLA-DR-restricted T-cell responses to factor VIII epitopes in a mild haemophilia A family with missense substitution A2201PHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 102 2010R. A. ETTINGER Summary., An HLA-DRA-DRB1*0101-restricted T-cell epitope in the factor VIII (FVIII) C2 domain occurred in a mild haemophilia A patient with missense substitution FVIII-A2201P. His T cells responded to synthetic peptides FVIII2186,2205 and FVIII2194,2213 (J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5: 2399). T cells from family members with genotype FVIII-A2201P were analysed to determine if FVIII-specific T cells occur in individuals with a haemophilic mutation but no clinically significant inhibitor response. Fluorescent MHC class II tetramers corresponding to subjects'HLA-DRB1 types were loaded with 20-mer peptides and utilized to label antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. T-cell responses to peptides spanning the FVIII-C2 sequence were evaluated. T cells recognizing specific peptides were cloned, and antigen specificity was verified by proliferation assays. Plasma and/or purified IgG samples were tested for FVIII inhibitory activity. CD4+ T cells and T-cell clones from two brothers who shared the DRB1*0101 allele responded to FVIII2194,2213. A haemophilic cousin's HLA-DRA-DRB1*1104-restricted response to FVIII2202,2221 was detected only when CD4+CD25+ cells were depleted. A great uncle and two obligate carriers had no detectable FVIII-C2-specific T cells. Concentrated IgG from the brother without a clinical inhibitor response showed a low-titre FVIII inhibitor. FVIII-specific T cells and inhibitory IgG were found in a previously infused, haemophilic subject who had a sub-clinical FVIII inhibitor. CD4+CD25+ depleted T cells from a non-infused haemophilic cousin recognized an overlapping FVIII epitope, indicating a latent HLA-DRA-DRB1*1104-restricted T-cell response to FVIII. Specific T-cell responses to FVIII can occur without clinically significant inhibitors. [source] Milder clinical presentation of haemophilia A with severe deficiency of factor VIII as measured by one-stage assayHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 1 2001K. Ghosh During the course of investigations we encountered 11 patients with haemophilia A who had severe factor VIII deficiency as measured by one-stage assay but had surprisingly mild clinical presentation. Four of these patients had either a brother, nephew or maternal uncle with severe clinical manifestations. Two patients had low protein S levels, and one was heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation. One patient had a combined deficiency of protein C and antithrombin III. Four patients had a two-stage factor VIII assay value that was much higher than the one-stage assay value. Five patients were heterozygous for the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism, of whom two patients were also deficient for protein S and one had two-stage factor assay values higher than the one-stage assay values. The patient who was both factor VIII deficient and heterozygous for factor V Leiden had mild clinical presentation as compared to his maternal uncle who was only factor-VIII deficient. The maternal cousin of the same patient was heterozygous for factor V Leiden and had suffered two thrombotic episodes. Thus, the present study advocates that the physiological inhibitors of blood coagulation also play an important role in cases of haemophilia A in the final outcome of haemostasis in vivo. [source] The Battle of Baugé, March 1421: Impact and MemoryHISTORY, Issue 304 2006JOHN D. MILNER On 22 March 1421, Henry V's brother and heir presumptive, Thomas, duke of Clarence, was killed in battle at Baugé in Anjou by a Franco-Scottish force. Clarence had engaged the enemy without proper preparation and with no archers to support him. For Henry V who had made inexorable progress since the start of his French campaign in 1417, this represented a serious and unexpected reverse. This article examines both contemporary and later reactions to Baugé. On account of the different perspectives , French, Scottish and a range of English reactions , from which the battle has been considered, it is possible to give an insight into the varying ways in which the same events were reported and interpreted. The article examines also the wider impact of a battle which, while having limited military effect, created considerable uncertainty at the time, and remained in the memory as an alarming example of how quickly the fortunes of war could change. [source] Reflections on Retelling a Renaissance MurderHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 4 2002Thomas V. Cohen This mischievously artful essay plays out on several levels; think of them as storeys of an imaginary castle much like the real, solid, central Italian one it explores and expounds. On its own ground floor, the essay recounts a gruesome murder, a noble husband's midnight revenge upon his wife and upon her bastard lover, his own half,brother, in her castle chamber, in bed. In sex. Of course. The murder itself is pure Renaissance, quintessential Boccaccio or Bandello, but the aftermath, in fort and village, is more singular, more ethnographically delightful, as castle and village trace a ceremonious passage from frozen limbo to fluid grief and storytelling, finally set in motion by the arrival of the dead wife's brother. Meanwhile, one flight up, the essay retells my own investigation of the real castle's geometry, as I clambered through rooms, peered out windows, prowled the roof, and scanned blueprints seeking the places of the plotters' plots. In an expository attic, I lodge reflections on my teaching stratagems, as I led a first,year seminar into detection's crafts and exposition's ploys. All the while, on its rooftop, this essay dances among fantastical chimneys and turrets of high theory and literary practice, musing on the patent irony of artful artifice, which evokes both the irony and the pathos of scholars' cool histories about hot deeds and feelings. Art suggests we authors had best hide ourselves, unlike normal essayists, so as not to spoil the show. But, I posit, our self,effacement is so conspicuous that it proclaims our presence, as in fact it should, and, by so doing, trumpets the necessary tensions of our artifice and craft. Thus artfulness itself nicely both proclaims and celebrates the bittersweet frustrations of historians' and readers' quest for knowledge and, especially, for experience of a lost past. [source] Allergic contact dermatitis to mango fleshINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2004Sari Weinstein MD A 22-year-old white female student presented to the Emergency Department with a 2-day history of patchy pruritic erythema of the face, neck, and arms with periorbital edema. The eruption began as an isolated patch of nasal erythema, with subsequent extension to involve the entire face. Within 2 days, fine pinpoint papules were noted on the face, anterior chest, neck, and upper extremities. Periorbital edema was present without intraoral abnormalities or laryngeal changes. An erythematous, mildly lichenified plaque was noted on the ventral left wrist. The past medical history was significant for two similar, milder episodes of allergic reactions of uncertain etiology occurring within the previous 2 months. The previous eruptions resolved after treatment with oral loratodine and topical fluocinonide cream 0.05%. The patient denied any history of contact urticaria or new household or personal hygiene contactants, although she did report frequent ingestion of peeled mangoes. Her brother had a history of eczematous dermatitis. In the Emergency Department, the patient was administered intravenous diphenhydramine and a single 50 mg dose of oral prednisone. She continued treatment with a 5-day course of prednisone, 50 mg daily, with loratodine, 20 mg daily, and diphenhydramine as needed; however, no symptomatic improvement was seen over 4 days. She was then advised to restart fluocinonide cream twice daily. Patch testing was performed to the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Standard Series utilizing methods of the International Contact Dermatitis research group with Finn chambers. Mango skin and mango flesh harvested 5 mm below the skin surface were also placed in duplicate and tested under Finn chambers. Positive (1+) reactions were noted to nickel and p -tertbutylphenol formaldehyde resin, and bullous reactions were found to mango skin and surface flesh in duplicate (Fig. 1). Complete avoidance of mango led to resolution of the initial eruption. The clinical relevance of nickel and p -tertbutylphenol formaldehyde resin was thought to be associated with the wrist lesion immediately below a glued portion of a wristwatch strap and metal clasp. Figure 1. Positive patch test reactions, in duplicate, to mango skin (left column) and mango flesh 5 mm below the skin (right column) [source] Lichenoid nail changes as sole external manifestation of graft vs. host diseaseINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2002Sara Isabel Palencia MD A 56-year-old-man who had refractory anemia with an excess of blasts underwent an allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from his brother after preparation with melphalan and fludarabin. He received GvHD (graft-vs.-host disease) prophylaxis with cyclosporine from day ,1 at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight. The daily dosage was tapered gradually from day +20. On post-PBSCT day 68 he developed acute cutaneous GvHD grade 3 and acute gastrointestinal GvHD grade 2,3, which was resolved with a daily dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight of prednisone. The patient was discharged in good clinical condition and without signs of GvHD, and he started tapering his immunosuppressive treatment. By day 160 he developed oral lichen planus-like changes, with several reticulate white lesions on the oral mucosa. A biopsy specimen was microscopically consistent with lichenoid GvHD (Fig. 1). By day 150 after PBSCT, when he was being treated with CsA 100 mg once daily and prednisone 10 mg once daily, his fingernails started to grow abnormally and gradually became dystrophic and painful. Two months later his toenails became similarly affected. Although affecting all finger and toe nails, the lesions were especially important in both thumbs. Physical examination revealed multiple findings on his nails (Fig. 2): thickening, fragility, onycholysis, longitudinal striations, and even pterygium. The micological cultures were negative. A biopsy specimen showed an sparse papillary dermis lymphoid infiltrate with focal exocytosis and presence of isolated multiple necrotic keratinocytes (Fig. 3). These findings were interpreted as a lichenoid GvHD with oral and nail involvement. The patient did not have other associated cutaneous lesions. He did not develop signs or symptoms consistent with hepatic GvHD. In May 2000 thalidomide was added to the immunosuppressive therapy, at a daily dose from 100 to 300 mg according to tolerance (constipation, sedation, ,). The lesions on the oral mucous showed a substantial improvement, but the nail changes remained more or less stable. Thalidomide was discontinued after 7 months because the patient displayed numbness and tingling in the hands and feet consistent with a peripheral neuropathy. Twenty days later he stopped taking thalidomide and the oral lichenoid lesions worsened, resulting in difficulty in eating. He also developed periungueal erythema, swelling and intense pain after minimal trauma. The daily dose of prednisone increased to 20,30 mg with moderate improvement. However, the dose could not be increased because of the secondary immunosuppressive effects. Twenty-three months post-PBSCT the patient remains with intense oral and nail lichenoid lesions. Figure Figure 1 . Oral mucosa with a lichenoid hiperplasia and a band-like lymphoid infiltrate. Note the basal lymphocytosis with isolated necrotic keratinocytes Figure 2. Lichenoid graft-vs.-host disease showing marked nail involvement with a ridge in the midline Figure 3. Panoramic view of the nail epithelium. Dermal lymphocytes with basal exocytosis and apoptotic keratinocytes (arrow) are evident [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||