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Brief Questionnaire (brief + questionnaire)
Selected AbstractsThe Development and Well-Being Assessment: Description and Initial Validation of an Integrated Assessment of Child and Adolescent PsychopathologyTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 5 2000Robert Goodman The Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) is a novel package of questionnaires, interviews, and rating techniques designed to generate ICD-10 and DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses on 5-ldyear-olds. Nonclinical interviewers administer a structured interview to parents about psychiatric symptoms and resultant impact. When definite symptoms are identified by the structured questions, interviewers use open-ended questions and supplementary prompts to get parents to describe the problems in their own words. These descriptions are transcribed verbatim by the interviewers but are not rated by them. A similar interview is administered to 1 l-16-year-olds. Teachers complete a brief questionnaire covering the main conduct, emotional, and hyperactivity symptoms and any resultant impairment. The different sorts of information are brought together by a computer program that also predicts likely diagnoses. These computer-generated summary sheets and diagnoses form a convenient starting point for experienced clinical raters, who decide whether to accept or overturn the computer diagnosis (or lack of diagnosis) in the light of their review of all the data, including transcripts. In the present study, the DAWBA was administered to community (N= 491) and clinic (N= 39) samples. There was excellent discrimination between community and clinic samples in rates of diagnosed disorder. Within the community sample, subjects with and without diagnosed disorders differed markedly in external characteristics and prognosis. In the clinic sample, there was substantial agreement between DAWBA and case note diagnoses, though the DAWBA diagnosed more comorbid disorders. The use of screening questions and skip rules greatly reduced interview length by allowing many sections to be omitted with very little loss of positive information. Overall, the DAWBA successfully combined the cheapness and simplicity of respondent-based measures with the clinical persuasiveness of investigator-based diagnoses. The DAWBA has considerable potential as an epidemiological measure, and may prove to be of clinical value too. [source] Feasibility of an Interactive Voice Response Tool for Adolescent Assault VictimsACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 10 2009Mercedes M. Blackstone MD Abstract Background:, Assault-injured adolescents who are seen in the emergency department (ED) are difficult to follow prospectively using standard research techniques such as telephone calls or mailed questionnaires. Interactive voice response (IVR) is a novel technology that promotes active participation of subjects and allows automated data collection for prospective studies. Objectives:, The objective was to determine the feasibility of IVR technology for collecting prospective information from adolescents who were enrolled in an ED-based study of interpersonal violence. Methods:, A convenience sample of assault-injured 12- to 19-year-olds presenting to an urban, tertiary care ED was enrolled prospectively. Each subject completed a brief questionnaire in the ED and then was randomly assigned to use the IVR system in differently timed schedules over a period of 8 weeks: weekly, biweekly, or monthly calls. Upon discharge, each subject received a gift card incentive and a magnetic calendar with his or her prospective call-in dates circled on it. Each time a subject contacted the toll-free number, he or she used the telephone's keypad to respond to computer-voice questions about retaliation and violence subsequent to the ED visit. Using Internet access, we added $5 to the gift card for each call and $10 if all scheduled calls were completed. The primary outcome was the rate of the first utilization of the IVR system. The numbers of completed calls made for each of the three call-in schedules were also compared. Results:, Of the 95 subjects who consented to the follow-up portion of the study, 44.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 34.0% to 54.8%) completed at least one IVR call, and 13.7% (95% CI = 7.5% to 22.3%) made all of their scheduled calls. There were no significant differences among groups in the percentage of subjects calling at least once into the system or in the percentage of requested calls made. The enrolled subjects had a high level of exposure to violence. At baseline, 85.3% (95% CI = 76.5% to 91.7%) had heard gunshots fired, and 84.2% (95% CI = 75.3% to 90.9%) had seen someone being assaulted. Twenty-eight adolescents (29.5%, 95% CI = 20.6% to 39.7%) were reached for satisfaction interviews. All of those contacted found the IVR system easy to use and all but one would use it again. Conclusions:, Interactive voice response technology is a feasible means of follow-up among high-risk violently injured adolescents, and this relatively anonymous process allows for the collection of sensitive information. Further research is needed to determine the optimal timing of calls and cost-effectiveness in this population. [source] From hypothetical scenario to tragic reality: A salutary lesson in risk communication and the Victorian 2009 bushfiresAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 1 2010Robin Burns Abstract Objective: To investigate the ways that the risk of a bushfire emergency and communication strategies are perceived by different community segments. Methods: A brief questionnaire preceded focus group discussion of a bushfire scenario with four communications from different sources. Groups were recruited to represent different community segments within a bushfire-prone peri-urban Shire in Victoria. Results: Four groups (28 participants) were recruited. Bushfire experience was highest in the over 40-year-olds, who would use a variety of information sources, preferred to receive information from trusted local sources, such as emergency services and the council, and were more likely to be a member of a local organisation than the under 40s. Younger people used television, local papers, and friends, family and neighbours as information sources. Young parents felt disempowered through lack of local knowledge, and trusted government departments less than older residents. All wanted clear, current, specific local information about ground conditions and actions to be taken during a fire outbreak. Conclusions/implications: Knowledge of and preparedness for bushfire is unequally spread throughout a bushfire community. There is a need in public health risk and emergency situations to focus on community development, information and consultation. [source] Partner violence prevalence among women attending a Maori health provider clinicAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 2 2007Jane Koziol-McLain Abstract Objective: To determine partner violence rates among women attending a general practice in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in a hauora (Maori health provider general practice clinic) in one South Auckland community. Non-acute, English-speaking women who entered the huaora during 30 randomly selected clinic sessions in a five-week period in 2003 were eligible to participate. Research assistants (RAs) verbally administered a structured, brief questionnaire that included a partner violence screen (past 12 months), assessment of high danger risk, and lifetime prevalence. Of 148 women approached, 109 participated. Participants generally self-identified as Maori (74%) or New Zealand European (18%) and ranged in age from 17 to 82 years (mean 38.8). Results: Twenty-three per cent (95% CI 15,31) of women screened positive for partner violence. Among the 25 women who screened positive, six (24%) had one or more high danger risk factors and 24 (96%) reported one or more children living in the household. Seventy-eight per cent (95% CI 70,86) of women reported a history of partner violence. Conclusions: In this sample of mostly Maori women, direct partner violence questioning in a general practice setting yielded a high disclosure rate. Three out of four women disclosed violence by a partner; nearly one out of four disclosed violence by a partner in the past year. Implications: Healthcare providers have the opportunity to identify and provide services to women and their children experiencing partner violence. Health care providers and the health care system also have a responsibility to join with the community in calling for non-tolerance of family violence. [source] Assessment of Teacher Interruptions on Learners during Oral Case PresentationsACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 6 2007Glen Yang BA Background:Studies have only recently begun to investigate the effects of interruptions on physicians in the emergency department (ED). Objectives:To determine the frequency and nature of interruptions by the training physician that occur when medical trainees do oral case presentations (OCPs) in the ED. Methods:This was an observational study. Learner OCPs to attending emergency physicians were observed in the ED of an urban Level 1 trauma center at a major teaching hospital. A single investigator followed attending physicians blinded to the study objective in a nonrandomized convenience sampling of all ED shifts, recording information regarding teacher interruptions during new patient presentations. Learners completed a brief questionnaire after each OCP. Results:A total of 196 OCPs were observed. The mean (±SD) duration of OCPs was 3.30 (±1.85) minutes, and the mean (±SD) number of interruptions was 0.75 (±0.60) per minute and 2.49 (±1.95) per OCP. The number of interruptions (per OCP) and duration of OCP varied by learner level of training, with more experienced learners giving shorter presentations and being interrupted less often. Frequency (per minute) of interruptions did not vary by learner level. In 40.3% of OCPs, attending physicians interrupted to give an assessment and/or a plan before the learner had done so, but 8.3% of interrupted learners believed that teacher interruptions were "disruptive" to their OCP. Conclusions:Attending emergency physicians frequently interrupt learners during new patient OCPs, with the number of interruptions varying by learner level of training. Teacher interruptions appear to have minimal, if any, detrimental effect on the perceived effectiveness of OCPs as a learning experience. [source] Parental Perceptions of the Assessment of Autistic Spectrum Disorders in a Tier Three ServiceCHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 3 2009Latha Hackett Background:, Little is known about the satisfaction of the parents of children receiving child and adolescent mental health services in general, and autistic spectrum services in particular. Method:, This audit examined parent and carer perceptions of the Autistic Spectrum Disorder assessments undertaken by the multi-agency team in a Tier Three CAMHS in Manchester. Forty families completed a brief questionnaire. Results:, The majority of parents and carers reported satisfaction with the service (95%), although responses highlighted areas in both the assessment process and the service facilities that needed improvement. Conclusions:, Useful information with both local and national applications can be gathered quickly in an easily replicated manner. [source] Substance use and common child mental health problems: examining longitudinal associations in a British sampleADDICTION, Issue 8 2010Anna Goodman ABSTRACT Aims To examine the longitudinal associations in both directions between mental health and substance use in adolescence. Design Three-year longitudinal cohort. Setting Britain (nationally representative sample). Participants 3607 youths aged 11,16 years at baseline. Measurements Externalizing and internalizing mental health problems were measured using brief questionnaires (parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and diagnostic interviews, including clinician-rated diagnoses of mental disorder. Substance use was measured by youth self-report, and included regular smoking, frequent alcohol consumption, regular cannabis use and ever taking other illicit drugs. Findings Externalizing (specifically behavioural) problems at baseline independently predicted all forms of substance use, with a particularly strong effect on smoking. In all cases this association showed a dose,response relationship. In contrast, although internalizing problems had a strong univariable association with smoking, this disappeared after adjusting for comorbid externalizing problems. There was little or no evidence that baseline substance use predicted mental health at follow-up. Conclusions Externalizing problems predict adolescent substance use, and adjusting for comorbid externalizing problems is vital when investigating the effects of internalizing problems. A dose,response effect of externalizing problems is seen across the full range. Programmes seeking to prevent adolescent substance use by reducing externalizing problems may therefore wish to consider population-wide interventions rather than targeting individuals only at the negative extreme. [source] Nocturnal polyuria in community-dwelling womenBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2004L.V. Swithinbank In this section there are papers describing studies into nocturnal polyuria, the overactive bladder in Asian men and the use of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation for female urinary incontinence. There are also papers which evaluate the cost implications of microwave thermotherapy, the accumulation of proteoglycans in prostatic hyperplasia, and the presentation and management of urethral calculi. The last two papers in this section have nothing directly to do with the lower urinary tract. Indeed, they do not fit into any of the groups of papers in the journal but I felt that they were of general interest to the readership of the BJU International, and so felt they could really be put into any section! OBJECTIVE To determine the age prevalence of nocturnal polyuria among older women in the community, and to investigate the relationship between nocturnal polyuria and nocturia. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 1183 women aged ,,50 years, who were registered with a family doctor practice and who had taken part in a prevalence study, were sent brief questionnaires and a frequency/volume chart (FVC) to complete. RESULTS There were 227 FVCs with adequate data and 264 completed questionnaires available for analysis. The prevalence of nocturnal polyuria increased disproportionately with age. There was no clear relationship between nocturia or nocturnal polyuria and daytime frequency, nor was there a clear relationship between diuretic use and nocturnal polyuria. CONCLUSION Nocturnal polyuria is common among women in the community and not obviously related to daytime frequency. Night-time symptoms are common in women as well as men, and are troublesome to them. [source] | |||||||||||||