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Bowel Wall (bowel + wall)
Terms modified by Bowel Wall Selected AbstractsIncreased strength of erythrocyte aggregates in blood of patients with inflammatory bowel diseaseINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 5 2009Nitsan Maharshak MD Abstract Background: Increased strength of red blood cell (RBC) aggregates are present during the acute inflammatory response and contribute to erythrocyte aggregation and may lead to microvascular dysfunction. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by damage to the bowel wall. This damage may be at least partially attributed to microvascular ischemia caused by enhanced erythrocyte aggregation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the strength of RBC aggregates in the blood of patients with IBD. Methods: The strengths of RBC aggregates were characterized by integrative RBC aggregation parameters, determined by measuring of RBC aggregation as a function of shear stress. The results are represented as the area under the curve (AUC) of aggregate size plotted against shear stress. For each patient, dynamic aggregation and disaggregation of RBC were recorded and analyzed according to the RBC aggregate size distribution at the different shear stresses. Aggregation indices were correlated with disease activity and inflammatory biomarkers. Results: We examined 53 IBD patients and 63 controls. IBD patients had significantly elevated concentrations of inflammation-sensitive proteins and aggregation parameters. The strength of large aggregates, represented by AUC for large fraction aggregates, among patients (15.2 ± 18.6) was double that of controls (7 ± 10.9) (P = 0.006). The strength of large aggregates correlated with disease activity (r = 0.340; P < 0.001) with concentration of fibrinogen (r = 0.575; P < 0.001) and with concentration of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = 0.386; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The strength of RBC aggregates is increased in patients with IBD and correlates with the intensity of the acute phase response. This could contribute to bowel damage in these diseases. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009) [source] Crohn's disease and color Doppler sonography: Response to treatment and its relationship with long-term prognosisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 5 2008Tomás Ripollés Abstract Purpose To evaluate the ability of sonography to detect changes in patients undergoing treatment for Crohn's disease and whether these findings are related to the patient's long-term outcome. Methods Twenty-eight patients with Crohn's disease were examined prospectively using gray-scale and color Doppler sonography before and during treatment. Three sonographic examinations were made: on the first day of treatment, between 3 and 8 days later, and approximately 4 weeks after starting the treatment. Sonographic examination included an evaluation of maximum bowel wall thickness and vascularity pattern. The sonographic data were compared with clinical and laboratory data, and possible relation with the patient's long-term outcome was considered. Results Initial baseline sonograms revealed at least 1 thickened segment of the bowel wall in all of the patients. In this initial examination, 18 of 22 patients (81%) with clinically active disease had moderate or marked parietal vascularity. A statistically significant reduction in the vascularity of the affected bowel was observed on the third sonographic examination (p < 0.05). Seventeen patients who were in clinical remission had relapses and were treated with immunosuppressive therapy or surgery during the follow-up. Eighty-six percent of the patients with residual hyperemia on sonographic examination after treatment had an unfavorable clinical course compared with only 30% of the patients with no, or barely visible, residual hyperemia (p < 0.01). Conclusion Sonography can identify bowel inflammation and its changes during treatment. In patients with Crohn's disease, hyperemia on color Doppler sonography during clinical remission after treatment may reflect an increased risk of relapse. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008 [source] MR imaging findings of small bowel hemorrhage: Two cases of mural involvement and one of perimuralJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 5 2009Polytimi Leonardou MD Abstract Purpose To demonstrate the MR appearance of small bowel wall hemorrhage. Materials and Methods A search was performed of the clinical information system (CIS) and the abdominal MRI databases of our institution for patients diagnosed with bowel hemorrhage on MRI between January 1, 2000, and July 31, 2008. All patients were imaged using a protocol that included noncontrast T1- and T2-weighted images and postgadolinium gradient echo images. Results Two male patients, 44 and 55 years of age, were identified with small bowel mural hemorrhage, one in the duodenum and one in the jejunum. A third patient, a 66-year-old man, was identified with perimural hematoma. The following imaging features were observed: for mural hemorrhage, mural-based increased signal intensity (SI) in the bowel wall on fat suppressed T1-weighted images, variable increased SI on T2-weighted images and no appreciable enhancement on the postcontrast T1-weighted image; perimural hemorrhage exhibited normal thickness low SI wall on T2-weighted single shot images, with ill-defined material surrounding the bowel. SI features of this material, was similar to mural-based abnormality. Conclusion In two patients with small bowel wall hemorrhage, the wall showed increased thickness with increased SI on noncontrast T1-weighted images and lack of enhancement on postgadolinium images. Perimural hematoma showed an intact normal thickness wall that was low SI on T2 with surrounding material that was high SI on noncontrast T1-weighted images and did not enhance. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1185,1189. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Latent and lytic infection of isolated guinea pig enteric ganglia by varicella zoster virusJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue S1 2003Jason J. Chen Abstract Varicella zoster virus (VZV) has been demonstrated to infect guinea pig enteric neurons in vitro. Latent infection of isolated enteric neurons is established when the cultures predominantly consist of neurons and they are exposed to cell-free VZV. Neurons harboring latent infection survive for weeks in vitro and express mRNA encoding ORFs 4, 21, 29, 40, 62, and 63, but not 14(gC) or 68 (gE) (although DNA encoding the glycoproteins is present). The expressed proteins are the same as those that are also expressed in human sensory neurons harboring latent VZV. In addition to mRNA, the immunoreactivities of ORFs 4, 21, 29, 62, and 63 can be detected. ORF 62 and 29 proteins are cytoplasmic and not intranuclear. VZV does not preferentially infect and/or become latent in intrinsic enteric primary afferent neurons indicating that the virus is latent in these neurons. Lytic infection occurs when mixed cultures of neurons and non-neuronal cells of the bowel wall are exposed to cell-free VZV or when isolated enteric neurons are exposed to cell-associated VZV. When lytic infection occurs, enteric neurons die within 48 hr. Prior to their death, neurons express VZV glycoproteins, including gE and gB, and ORF 62 and 29 proteins are intranuclear. This new animal model should facilitate studies of VZV latency and the efficacy of therapies designed to prevent VZV infecion, latency, and reactivation. J. Med. Virol. 70:S71,S78, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Ingested magnets and gastrointestinal complicationsJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 6 2007Abdulrahman M Alzahem Abstract: Multiple magnet ingestion is an unexpected health hazard in children that can lead to significant gastrointestinal morbidity. The magnets are attracted to each other across the bowel wall and this may lead to pressure necrosis, resulting in perforation, fistula formation, and/or intestinal obstruction. We report herein a case of small bowel obstruction following ingestion of two magnets. The public and clinicians should be aware of the health hazard of such devices. [source] Spontaneous intestinal perforation and Candida peritonitis presenting as extensive necrotizing enterocolitisACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2003NJ Robertson Spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) has been increasingly reported in very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants, although it is still less common than necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In around one-third of cases, SIP is associated with systemic candidiasis. We describe a case of SIP and Candida peritonitis in a VLBW infant, which was mistakenly diagnosed as NEC during the infant's short life. At laparotomy, the bowel surface was black and thought to be necrotic. As the infant was thought to have whole-bowel necrosis due to NEC, her condition was deemed incompatible with survival. At postmortem, however, the bowel wall was found to be healthy apart from a very localized patch of necrosis associated with a single perforation. The bowel was covered by a thick, black, serosal exudate consisting of fungal elements from Candida albicans. Conclusion: This case reinforces the fact that a markedly discoloured bowel is not necessarily necrotic and that the discoloration can potentially recover. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||