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Border
Kinds of Border Terms modified by Border Selected AbstractsTHE BORDER CROSSED US: EDUCATION, HOSPITALITY POLITICS, AND THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE "ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT"EDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 3 2009Dennis CarlsonArticle first published online: 6 OCT 200 In this essay, Dennis Carlson explores some of the implications of Derrida's "hospitality politics" in helping articulate a progressive response to a rightist cultural politics in the United States of policing national, linguistic, and other borders. He applies the concept of hospitality politics to a critical analysis of the social construction of the "problem" of "illegal immigrants" in U.S. public schools. This entails a discussion of three interrelated discourses and practices of hospitality: a universalistic discourse of philosophical and religious principles, a legalistic-juridical discourse, and a discourse and practice grounded in the ethos of everyday life. Derrida suggested that a democratic cultural politics must interweave these three discourses and also recognize the limitations of each of them. Moreover, a democratic cultural politics must be most firmly rooted in the praxis of ethos, and in the ethical claims of openness to the other. [source] CHANGES IN THE RELATIVE EARNINGS GAP BETWEEN NATIVES AND IMMIGRANTS ALONG THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008Alberto Dávila ABSTRACT Using 1990 and 2000 U.S. census data, this study investigates changes in immigrant/native earnings disparities for workers in U.S. cities along the international border with Mexico vis-ŕ-vis the U.S. interior during the 1990s. Our findings,based on estimating earnings functions and employing the Juhn-Murphy-Pierce (1993, JPE) wage decomposition technique,indicate that the average earnings of Mexican immigrants along the U.S.-Mexico border improved relative to those accrued by their counterparts in the U.S. interior and by otherwise similar U.S.-born Mexican Americans between 1990 and 2000. However, when comparing Mexican-born workers to U.S.-born non-Hispanic whites, the immigrant border-earnings penalty remained statistically unchanged. [source] ETHICS BEYOND BORDERS: HOW HEALTH PROFESSIONALS EXPERIENCE ETHICS IN HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND DEVELOPMENT WORKDEVELOPING WORLD BIOETHICS, Issue 2 2008MATTHEW R. HUNT ABSTRACT Health professionals are involved in humanitarian assistance and development work in many regions of the world. They participate in primary health care, immunization campaigns, clinic- and hospital-based care, rehabilitation and feeding programs. In the course of this work, clinicians are frequently exposed to complex ethical issues. This paper examines how health workers experience ethics in the course of humanitarian assistance and development work. A qualitative study was conducted to consider this question. Five core themes emerged from the data, including: tension between respecting local customs and imposing values; obstacles to providing adequate care; differing understandings of health and illness; questions of identity for health workers; and issues of trust and distrust. Recommendations are made for organizational strategies that could help aid agencies support and equip their staff as they respond to ethical issues. [source] 2. CROSSING CULTURAL BORDERS: HOW TO UNDERSTAND HISTORICAL THINKING IN CHINA AND THE WEST1HISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2007JÖRN RÜSEN ABSTRACT Topical intercultural discourse on historical thinking is deeply determined by fundamental distinctions, mainly between the "East" and the "West." The epistemological preconditions of this discourse are normally not reflected or even criticized. this article follows Chun-Chieh Huang's attempt to give Chinese historical thinking a new voice in this intercultural discourse. It agrees with Huang's strategy of focusing the description of the peculiarity of Chinese historical thinking on fundamental criteria of historical sense-generation. Huang argues for a strict difference between the Chinese way of sense-generation in history and the Western one. against this distinction I argue that both traditions of historical thinking follow the same logic, namely that of the exemplary mode, which is known in the Western tradition by Cicero's slogan "Historia vitae magistra." Instead of claiming this mode as typical of Chinese historical thinking, I propose to clarify the difference between China and the West by looking for a modification of the same logic. Finally the question arises as to what the paradigmatic shift of historical thinking from the exemplary to the genetic mode means for the Chinese tradition Huang has presented. This shift cannot be understood as only a Western one, since it is a mode of pursuing modernity in history by a fundamental temporalization in the interpretation of the human world. [source] THE PSYCHOANALYTIC METHOD AND ITS BORDERS: THE INTERFACE WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLDTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS, Issue 4 2002CLAUDIO L. EIZIRIK First page of article [source] Using Evidence to Improve Reproductive Health Quality along the Thailand-Burma BorderDISASTERS, Issue 3 2004Tara M. Sullivan The Mae Tao Clinic, located on the Thailand-Burma border, has provided health services for illegal migrant workers in Thailand and internally displaced people from Burma since 1989. In 2001, the clinic launched a project with the primary aim of improving reproductive health services and the secondary aim of building clinic capacity in monitoring and evaluation (M&E). This paper first presents the project's methods and key results. The team used observation of antenatal care and family-planning sessions and client exit interviews at baseline and follow-up, approximately 13 months apart, to assess performance on six elements of quality of care. Findings indicated that improving programme readiness contributed to some improvement in the quality of services, though inconsistencies in findings across the methods require further research. The paper then identifies lessons learned from introducing M&E in a resource-constrained setting. One key lesson was that a participatory approach to M&E increased people's feelings of ownership of the project and motivated staff to collect and use data for programme decision-making to improve quality. [source] Metal Chalcogenide Clusters: Metal Chalcogenide Clusters on the Border between Molecules and Materials (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 18 200918/2009) Nanoclusters containing up to several hundred transition metal atoms can be understood as intermediates between mononuclear complexes and binary solid-state phases. In contrast to conventional nanoparticles, these species are precisely monodisperse, and therefore their molecular structures can be determined by single crystal X-ray analysis, report Dieter Fenske and co-workers on p. 1867. [source] Metal Chalcogenide Clusters on the Border between Molecules and Materials,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 18 2009John F. Corrigan Abstract The preparative and materials chemistry of high nuclearity transition metal chalcogenide nanoclusters has been in the focus of our research for many years. These polynuclear metal compounds possess rich photophysical properties and can be understood as intermediates between mononuclear complexes and binary bulk phases. Based on our previous results we discuss herein recent advances in three different areas of cluster research. In the field of copper selenide clusters we present the synthesis of monodisperse, nanostructured , -Cu2Se via the thermolysis of well-defined cluster compounds as well as our approaches in the synthesis of functionalized clusters. In case of silver chalcogenides we established a strategy to synthesis cluster compounds containing several hundreds of silver atoms with the nanoclusters arranging in a closely packed crystal lattice. Finally the presented chalcogenide clusters of the group 12 metals (Zn, Cd, Hg) can be taken as model compounds for corresponding nanoparticles as even the smallest of frameworks display a clear structural relationship to the bulk materials. [source] Scale and skew-invariant road sign recognitionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2007Yi-Sheng Liu Abstract A fast and robust method to detect and recognize scaled and skewed road signs is proposed in this paper. In the detection stage, the input color image is first quantized in HSV color model. Border tracing those regions with the same colors as road signs is adopted to find the regions of interest (ROI). The ROIs are then automatically adjusted to fit road sign shape models so as to facilitate detection verification even for scaled and skewed road signs in complicated scenes. Moreover, the ROI adjustment and verification are both performed only on border pixels; thus, the proposed road sign detector is fast. In the recognition stage, the detected road sign is normalized first. Histogram matching based on polar mesh is then adopted to measure the similarity between the scene and model road signs to accomplish recognition. Since histogram matching is fast and has high tolerance to distortion and deformation while contextual information can still be incorporated into it in a natural and elegant way, our method has high recognition accuracy and fast execution speed. Experiment results show that the detection rate and recognition accuracy of our method can achieve 94.2% and 91.7%, respectively. On an average, it takes only 4,50 and 10 ms for detection and recognition, respectively. Thus, the proposed method is effective, yet efficient. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 28,39, 2007 [source] The Cat and Mouse Game at the Mexico-U.S. Border: Gendered Patterns and Recent Shifts1INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, Issue 2 2008Katharine M. Donato This paper provides new insights into the process of undocumented border crossing by examining both men and women in the process. We investigate differences in the ways in which men and women make their way across the well-guarded Mexico-U.S. border, and the extent to which men and women by the end of the 1990s were similar to, or different from, their counterparts who crossed before 1986 and the implementation of immigration policy designed to reduce undocumented migration. We find substantial differences in how men and women crossed the border without legal documents and in their chances of being apprehended. Our analysis makes clear that shifts in U.S. immigration policy after 1986 have led to women's greater reliance on the assistance of paid smugglers to cross without documents but men were more likely to cross alone. Moreover, immediately after 1986, women on first U.S. trips faced higher risks of being apprehended compared to women who migrated in the early 1980s, but men faced lower risks. After accumulating some U.S. experience, however, both women and men faced lower risks of being detected after 1986 compared to earlier in that decade. [source] CAMEROON,EQUATORIAL GUINEA: Border SealedAFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 2 2009Article first published online: 7 APR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Catarino Garza's Revolution on the Texas-Mexico BorderJOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN & CARIBBEAN ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Elliott Young [source] The Dopamine Response in the Nucleus Accumbens Core,Shell Border Differs From That in the Core and Shell During Operant Ethanol Self-AdministrationALCOHOLISM, Issue 8 2009Elaina C. Howard Background:, Ethanol self-administration has been shown to increase dopamine in the nucleus accumbens; however, dopamine levels in the accumbal subregions (core, shell, and core,shell border) have not yet been measured separately in this paradigm. This study was designed to determine if dopamine responses during operant ethanol self-administration are similar in the core, core,shell border, and shell, particularly during transfer from the home cage to the operant chamber and during consumption of the drinking solution. Methods:, Six groups of male Long,Evans rats were trained to lever-press for either 10% sucrose (10S) or 10% sucrose + 10% ethanol (10S10E) (with a guide cannula above the core, core,shell border, or shell of the accumbens). On experiment day, 5-minute microdialysis samples were collected from the core, core,shell border, or shell before, during, and after drinking. Dopamine and ethanol concentrations were analyzed in these samples. Results:, A significant increase in dopamine occurred during transfer of the rats from the home cage into the operant chamber in all 6 groups, with those trained to drink 10S10E exhibiting a significantly higher increase than those trained to drink 10S in the core and shell. No significant increases were observed during drinking of either solution in the core or shell. A significant increase in dopamine was observed during consumption of ethanol in the core,shell border. Conclusions:, We conclude that dopamine responses to operant ethanol self-administration are subregion specific. After operant training, accumbal dopamine responses in the core and shell occur when cues that predict ethanol availability are presented and not when the reinforcer is consumed. However, core,shell border dopamine responses occur at the time of the cue and consumption of the reinforcer. [source] Thoracic Percussion to Determine the Caudal Lung Border in Healthy HorsesJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2007Zoltán Bakos Background:The application of equine thoracic percussion has been ignored because of the availability of modern imaging techniques. Ultrasonography is a reliable tool in determining the caudal lung border of horses. The aim of the study was to compare percussion with ultrasonography to determine lung borders in horses. Hypothesis:That thoracic percussion can detect the caudal lung border and that its accuracy is comparable with thoracic ultrasonography. Animals:Fifteen randomly chosen, healthy, Warmblood horses. Methods:The caudal lung border was detected by percussion and ultrasonography at the end of inspiration and expiration on both sides of the thorax. A reference point close to the withers was determined, allowing standardized measurements. The distance between this point and the caudal lung border in different intercostal spaces (ICS) was measured by a tape measure. Results:No significant difference was found between percussional and ultrasonographic results. Greater differences were found between inspiration and expiration by ultrasonography compared with percussion in all intercostal spaces on both sides of the thorax. It was significant (P= .028) in the 12th ICS in the right hemithorax. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Percussion is a reliable tool to determine the caudal lung border in healthy horses. Differences caused by the displacement of the lung during respiration should be taken into consideration when applying either method. [source] Human Rights on the BorderAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 1 2010Ruth Gomberg-Muńoz No abstract is available for this article. [source] Notes from the Balkans: Locating Marginality and Ambiguity on the Greek-Albanian BorderAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 3 2006ANASTASIA KARAKASIDOU Notes from the Balkans: Locating Marginality and Ambiguity on the Greek-Albanian Border. Sarah F. Green. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. 320 pp. [source] Death at the Border: Efficacy and Unintended Consequences of US Immigration Control PolicyPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 4 2001Wayne A. Cornelius This article assesses the efficacy of the strategy of immigration control implemented by the US government since 1993 in reducing illegal entry attempts, and documents some of the unintended consequences of this strategy, especially a sharp increase in mortality among unauthorized migrants along certain segments of the Mexico,US border. The available data suggest that the current strategy of border enforcement has resulted in rechanneling flows of unauthorized migrants to more hazardous areas, raising fees charged by people-smugglers, and discouraging unauthorized migrants already in the US from returning to their places of origin. However, there is no evidence that the strategy is deterring or preventing significant numbers of new illegal entries, particularly given the absence of a serious effort to curtail employment of unauthorized migrants through worksite enforcement. An expanded temporary worker program, selective legalization of unauthorized Mexican workers residing in the United States, and other proposals under consideration by the US and Mexican governments are unlikely to reduce migrant deaths resulting from the current strategy of border enforcement. [source] Trauma, Policy, and Public Health on the U.S.-Mexico BorderPUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 1 2007Tom Olson Ph.D. First page of article [source] Perceptions of Children's Body Sizes Among Mothers Living on the Texas-Mexico Border (La Frontera)PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 6 2006Elizabeth Reifsnider ABSTRACT Objectives: The objectives of this study were to quantify mothers' perceptions of their children's sizes and explore mothers' views of child growth, diet, activity, and health. Photographs of children from the Berkeley Longitudinal Growth Study (on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Web site) were used to stimulate discussion with mothers about child sizes. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study examined mothers' perceptions of their children's size and their beliefs about child size, growth, and health. Sample: The convenience sample included 25 mother,child dyads of 3-year-old children at two Head Start Centers in a county on the Texas,Mexico border. All mothers self-identified as Hispanic. Measurement: Photographs of children were shown to elicit mothers' perceptions of children's body sizes. The children and mothers were weighed and measured and their body mass indices (BMIs) were computed. The mothers were interviewed about their beliefs on child health, growth, and feeding. Results: No congruence was found between mothers' perceptions of child sizes in the pictures and their children's sizes. Conclusions: Using CDC photographs does not appear to be a useful way to educate mothers about child body sizes. A child who is happy, active, and can accomplish normal childhood activities is not considered by mothers as overweight, regardless of the child's BMI. [source] Aboriginal Art and Identity: Crossing the Border of Law's ImaginationTHE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2004Elizabeth Burns Coleman First page of article [source] Alcohol and Drug Use in Rural Colonias and Adjacent Urban Areas of the Texas BorderTHE JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 2007Richard T. Spence PhD ABSTRACT:,Context: Little is known about substance use and treatment utilization in rural communities of the United States/Mexico border. Purpose: To compare substance use and need and desire for treatment in rural colonias and urban areas of the border. Methods: Interviews were conducted in 2002-2003 with a random sample of adults living in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, adjacent to the Mexican border. The present analysis compares responses from 400 residents of rural colonias to those of 395 residents of cities and towns in the same geographic region. Findings: While the prevalence of drug use and drug-related problems was similar in both areas, binge drinking and alcohol dependence were higher in rural colonias than in urban areas and remained so after taking demographic and neighborhood variables into account. An increase in illicit drug use and substance-related problems in rural but not urban areas was seen when comparing results from this study with those of a previous survey conducted in 1996. The percentage of adults in potential need of treatment and the percentage motivated to seek it were similar in both urban and rural areas. However, colonia residents were more likely than their urban counterparts to be recent immigrants and to have lower incomes and educational attainment, factors that can increase the barriers they face in getting needed services. Conclusions: Rural areas are "catching up" with urban areas in problematic substance use. Given the potential barriers to accessing treatment services in rural areas, efforts should be focused on reaching those residents. [source] ENGAGING WITH THE IMMIGRANT HUMAN RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN A BESIEGED BORDER REGION: WHAT DO APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENTISTS BRING TO THE POLICY PROCESS?ANNALS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2009Josiah McC. Engagement with immigration goes beyond work directly with immigrants to include involvement in the immigration policy process. The chapter describes work on immigration and human rights policy grounded in issues facing the U.S.,Mexico border region. A policy coalition with regional and national presence, the Border and Immigration Task Force, combines an organized social movement with bases in immigrant communities with a diverse policy coalition whose members have varied skills, constituencies, and political connections. As applied social scientists in this coalition, we bring a number of skills, including effective writing, synthesis of secondary sources, teaching skills applied to public interaction and communication, and application of the sociological and anthropological imagination to understand the implications, on the ground, of detailed policy recommendations. Our work has not involved community-based primary research, but this form of practice is also mentioned for its relevance to policy formation and advocacy. The literature on public anthropology and public sociology needs to include discussions of engagement in practical policy processes. [source] A Tale of Two Families: The Mutual Construction of ,Anglo' and Mexican Ethnicities Along the US,Mexico BorderBULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, Issue 1 2005Howard Campbell In the American Southwest and along the US,Mexico border, ,Anglos' and Mexicans are often viewed as the quintessential ,others'. This ethnographic study problematises the Anglo-Mexican opposition with ethnographic data from interviews with a Mexican farmworker family and an ,Anglo' farmer family of the EI Paso Lower Valley. I argue that ,Anglo' hegemony is not based exclusively on cultural separation but often involves hybridity (including ,Mexicanisation') and patron-client relations entailing ,benevolent' paternalism. I show how the concept of ,Anglo' is a contested identity constructed through interactions between Mexicans and Euroamericans. Through this study of border crossings in situations of asymmetrical power relations, I advocate a ,complicit' anthropology that presents competing ethnic groups in their full complexity rather than as stereotypes or caricatures of their ,others.' [source] The Strategic Uses of Gender in Household Negotiations: Women Workers on Mexico's Northern BorderBULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002Leslie C. Gates The study illustrates the potential of the ,doing gender' perspective to explain why employment does not always improve women's household,power. Eighteen in,depth interviews with women maquiladora workers in Mexico suggest that, depending on the gendered meanings of household negotiations, employment may help women gain new rights and extend the limits of respect accorded them by male companions and parents. Nevertheless, women were more successful when they used negotiating strategies that conformed to their gender identity, such as making offers, than when they used negotiating strategies that challenged traditional gender norms, such as withdrawing services or making threats. [source] Another Textual Frontier: Contemporary Fiction on the Northern Mexican BorderBULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, Issue 1 2002Nú Vilanova This article approaches fiction writing from the northern Mexican frontier from the perspective of the border. It perceives the border between Mexico and the United States as a multispace that permeates fictional texts from the area. In clear contrast with most Chicano and Border Studies perspectives, the border is viewed here as a physical rather that metaphorical space whose dynamics formulates textual discourses and aesthetics. The fiction works of Luis Humberto Crosthwaite and Jesús Gardea are analysed from this perspective. [source] [Ni5Sb17]4- Transition-Metal Zintl Ion Complex: Crossing the Zintl Border in Molecular Intermetalloid Clusters.CHEMINFORM, Issue 21 2007Melanie J. Moses Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Ba5(Al/Ga)5(Sn/Pb): New Compounds at the Zintl Border.CHEMINFORM, Issue 42 2006Kristin Guttsche Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Doctors, Borders, and Life in CrisisCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Peter Redfield The politics of life and death is explored from the perspective of Doctors Without Borders (Médecins sans frontičres [MSF]), an activist nongovernmental organization explicitly founded to respond to health crises on a global scale. Following the work of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, I underline key intersections between MSF's operations that express concern for human life in the midst of humanitarian disaster and the group's self-proclaimed ethic of engaged refusal. Adopting the analytic frame of biopolitics, I suggest that the actual practice of medical humanitarian organizations in crisis settings presents a fragmentary and uncertain form of such power, extended beyond stable sovereignty and deployed within a restricted temporal horizon. [source] Museum Practices Crossing BordersCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 1 2005Elaine Heumann Gurian No abstract is available for this article. [source] Federal Restructuring in Ethiopia: Renegotiating Identity and Borders along the Oromo,Somali Ethnic FrontiersDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 4 2010Asnake Kefale ABSTRACT When the Ethiopian state was reorganized as an ethnic federation in the 1990s, both ethnicity and governance experienced the impact of the change. Most importantly, ethnicity became the key instrument regarding entitlement, representation and state organization. For the larger ethnic groups, fitting into the new ethno-federal structure has been relatively straightforward. In contrast, ethnic federalism has necessitated a renegotiation of identity and of statehood among several smaller communities that straddle larger ethnic groups. It has also led to the reconfiguration of centre,periphery relations. This contribution discusses how the federal restructuring of Ethiopia with the aim of matching ethnic and political boundaries led to renegotiation of identity, statehood and centre,periphery relations among several Somali and Oromo clans that share considerable ethno-linguistic affinities. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||