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Biochemical Differences (biochemical + difference)
Selected AbstractsBiological and biochemical differences between in vitro- and in vivo-reared Exorista larvarumENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA, Issue 3 2006Maria Luisa Dindo Abstract Quantitative and qualitative parameters of Exorista larvarum (L.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared on two insect-material-free artificial media and in the factitious host Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were compared. Significantly higher puparial yields and weights were obtained in both a milk-based and a veal homogenate-based medium than in the factitious host. Longevity and parasitization rates were not different between the in vitro- and in vivo-reared flies. Despite the greater puparial weight of the veal medium-reared E. larvarum females, the number of eggs laid by these females on host larvae was not higher than that of females reared under the other two rearing conditions. Moreover, in a complementary experiment, with homogeneous puparial weights of milk medium- and host-reared females, the former oviposited fewer eggs. Hence, puparial weight alone is not a reliable quality parameter for E. larvarum reared on artificial media. Lower amino acid content, with a deficiency in aromatic amino acids and an excess in proline, was found for in vitro third instar parasitoid larvae reared on both media compared to the in vivo-reared ones. These results suggest a correlation between the amino acid deficiency and imbalance of medium-reared larvae and the lower number of eggs laid by the females obtained. [source] Gender-specific differences in temporomandibular retrodiscal tissues of the goatEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 5 2000Angelo Mariotti Healthy, adult, male and female goat temporomandibular retrodiscal tissues were characterized to determine if biochemical differences existed between the genders. RNA concentrations were not different between male and female retrodiscal tissues; however, the DNA concentration in female retrodiscal tissues was 82% greater than in male retrodiscal tissues. Collagen concentrations were significantly greater in male retrodiscal tissues, and this was reflected in significant gender differences of type I and III collagen concentrations. More specifically, male temporomandibular retrodiscal tissues contained 70% more type I collagen and 119% more type III collagen when compared to female retrodiscal tissues. These differences in collagens and DNA reflect a gender difference in temporomandibular retrodiscal tissue composition that underlies divergent biomechanical and neurophysiological properties. [source] A rapid screening test to distinguish between Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis using NMR spectroscopyFEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 2 2005Uwe Himmelreich Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combined with a statistical classification strategy (SCS) successfully distinguished between Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. 96% of the isolates from an independent test set were identified correctly. This proves that this rapid approach is a valuable method for the identification and chemotaxonomic characterisation of closely related taxa. Most discriminatory regions were correlated with metabolite profiles, indicating biochemical differences between the two species. [source] Type II collagen modulates the composition of extracellular matrix synthesized by articular chondrocytesJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 2 2003Wen-Ning Qi Abstract The articular cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) interfaces with chondrocytes and influences many biological processes important to cartilage homeostasis and repair. The alginate bead culture system can be viewed as a model of cartilage repair in which the chondrocyte attempts to recreate the pericellular matrix while maintaining a differentiated phenotype. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alteration in epitopes of proteoglycan and tenascin synthesized by chondrocytes in the presence of exogenous extracellular type II collagen. We evaluated the effects on four biomarkers associated with the creation of the denovo matrix using ELISA and immunohistochemistry: keratan sulfate epitope (5D4), 3B3(,) neoepitope of chondroitin-6- sulfate, 3B3(+) chondroitinase-generatedepitope of chondroitin-6-sulfate, and tenascin-C expression. TGF-,1 stimulated the production of 3B3(+), 5D4, and tenascin-C in a dose-dependent manner and decreased 3B3(,) levels. Following the addition of exogenous type II collagen, 3B3(,) increased and tenascin-C decreased but did not change the direction of TGF-,1 effects. In contrast, 5D4 expression decreased in the presence of collagen II as TGF-,1 increased to 10 ng/ml. Interestingly, the amount of 3B3(+) epitope was not affected by the incorporation of type II collagen. Immunohistochemistry found there was no significant difference in distribution of these biomarkers in the presence and absence of extracellular type II collagen incorporation. These results elucidate the subtle biochemical differences in ECM synthesized by chondrocytes in the presence of type II collagen and further characterize the role played by ECM in the TGF-,1 regulation of the articular cartilage physiology. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [source] Variation in physiological health of diademed sifakas across intact and fragmented forest at Tsinjoarivo, eastern MadagascarAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 11 2010Mitchell T. Irwin Abstract As undisturbed habitat becomes increasingly rare, managers charged with ensuring the survival of endangered primate species must increasingly utilize disturbed and degraded habitats in species survival plans. Yet we have an imperfect understanding of the true long-term viability of primate populations in disturbed habitat, and census data can be misleading because density is not necessarily correlated with habitat quality and population viability in predictable ways. Here we present clinical laboratory data on hematology, serum biochemistry, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, iron analytes, viral serology, and parasitology of diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema), derived from the capture of 26 individuals spanning eight groups and two habitats (undisturbed vs. disturbed and fragmented) at Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar. Blood from fragment individuals had significantly lower values for several factors: white blood cell counts, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, calcium, sodium, chloride, manganese, zinc, iron and total iron-binding capacity. Several biochemical variables were higher in immature individuals, probably due to active growth. The large number of interhabitat differences suggests that habitat disturbance has an impact on physiological health within this population, perhaps reflecting dietary stress and/or immunosuppression. These results, combined with previous data showing altered diet, slower juvenile growth, and reduced activity in disturbed forest fragments, suggest that fragment sifakas may be less healthy than continuous forest groups. Finally, Tsinjoarivo sifakas have extremely low blood urea nitrogen (perhaps reflecting protein limitation) and selenium levels relative to other lemurs. Despite their survival and reproduction in the short term in fragments, these sifakas may represent a riskier conservation investment than conspecifics in undisturbed forest, and may be more susceptible to environmental stressors. However, more data on the fitness consequences of these biochemical differences are needed for a better interpretation of their impacts on long-term viability prospects. Am. J. Primatol. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1013,1025, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Platinum pharmacokinetics in sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita) following single-dose cisplatin infusionAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 6 2000LJ FILIPPICH Objective To determine the pharmacokinetics of platinum (Pt) in cockatoos. Design A pharmacokinetic study of Pt, following a single IV infusion of cisplatin, was done in six healthy sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita). Procedure Birds were hydrated for 1 h before and 2 h after a 1-h cisplatin infusion (1 mg/kg, IV). Serial blood samples were collected for 96 h after initiation of the infusion and urine was collected for 2 h during the hydration period after cisplatin administration. Tissue samples from 10 organs were obtained at necropsy, 96 h after cisplatin infusion. Total Pt and filterable Pt in plasma, urinary Pt and tissue Pt concentrations were assayed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. A noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on the plasma and urine data. Results For total Pt and filterable Pt, the respective mean systemic clearances were 0.373 and 0.699 L/kg hourly, the steady state volumes of distribution were 4.19 and 0.356 L/kg, and the mean residence times were 111 and 0.512 h. Total plasma Pt displayed a bi-exponential decay profile with average half-lives of 0.398 and 79.0 h, while filterable Pt had a monoexponential decay with mean half-life of 0.413 h. The renal clearance during the 2-h postinfusion period was 0.167 L/kg hourly. The kidneys had the highest Pt accumulation (4.54 u.g/g DM). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Cisplatin infusion in cockatoos was well tolerated and Pt plasma concentrations were similar to those measured during treatment of solid tumours in human patients. Despite anatomical, physiological and biochemical differences among animal species, the pharmacokinetic disposition of Pt in the cockatoo shares some features with the kinetics reported previously in rodents, dogs and human beings. [source] Role of plasma and urinary calcium and phosphorus measurements in early detection of phosphorus deficiency in very low birthweight infantsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 1 2003M Catache Aim: To analyse the role of serum and urinary calcium and phosphorus levels in early detection of mineral deficiency in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants born appropriate (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: 64 VLBW infants were included in a cohort study and divided into two groups: AGA (n= 30) and SGA infants (n= 34). Then, they were divided according to the presence of radiological signs of metabolic bone disease (MBD): with MBD (n= 21) and without MBD (n= 34). Blood samples and 6 h urine collections were obtained for calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity and creatinine determinations between 3 and 5 wk of life. Results: There were no biochemical differences between AGA and SGA. Higher values of urinary calcium (MBD = 31.9 ± 20.2, without MBD = 19.8 ± 15.4; p= 0.017), calciuria (MBD = 2.3 ± 0.3, without MBD =1.4 ± 0.8; p= 0.037) and alkaline phosphatase activity (MBD = 369 ± 114, without MBD = 310 ± 93; p= 0.04) were found in infants who developed MBD. Both groups showed high tubular phosphorus reabsorption indicating mineral deficiency. Conclusion: Serum calcium and phosphorus levels are not good markers in early detection of mineral deficiency. However, the monitoring of calcium urinary levels may be helpful in early detection of mineral deficiency. [source] | |||||||||||||