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Bipolar Mania (bipolar + mania)
Selected AbstractsNovel antipsychotics in bipolar and schizoaffective maniaACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2004G. J. R. Mensink Objective:, Novel antipsychotics are increasingly used in the treatment of bipolar and schizoaffective mania. This paper presents an overview of the controlled studies in this field. Method:, Using cross-references, a computerized search was performed on MEDLINE and EMBASE psychiatry covering the period 1990,2002. Results:, Olanzapine and risperidone, added to mood stabilizers, and olanzapine as monotherapy enjoy the most evidential support in terms of efficacy and side-effect profile for their use in acute bipolar mania. The use of modern antipsychotics in bipolar prophylaxis and in both the short- and long-term treatment of schizomania has not been widely studied yet. Conclusion:, More controlled trials are still needed comparing modern antipsychotics as monotherapy and adjunctive to mood stabilizers with conventional antipsychotics, lithium, anticonvulsants and with each other in short-term and, especially, maintenance treatment of (schizo)mania. Partly based on controlled studies, olanzapine, risperidone and other modern antipsychotics could become preferable for these indications. [source] Quetiapine indication shift in the elderly: diagnosis and dosage in 208 psychogeriatric patients from 2000 to 2006INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 5 2007Lorenz Hilwerling Abstract Rationale Quetiapine was approved in Germany as an atypical antipsychotic for treatment of schizophrenia in 2000, followed by the approval as an antipsychotic for treatment of bipolar mania in 2003. The approval of quetiapine for treatment of bipolar depression is expected. We hypothesized that the psychogeriatric prescription pattern for quetiapine shifts from the psychotic to the affective spectrum. Methods Retrospectively we screened discharge reports of all geriatric inpatients of the psychiatric department of the Ruhr-University of Bochum in the period from January 2001 until March 2006 and identified 208 individual patients aged over 60 years, who had received quetiapine as final medication. Age, gender, daily drug dose, year of treatment and diagnosis (according to ICD-10) were recorded and analyzed. Results Over the six-year time span, the proportion of affective disorders (F3) as indication for quetiapine in the elderly increased, whereas the proportion of dementia (F0) as indication for quetiapine decreased significantly. The proportion of schizophrenic disorders (F2) treated with quetiapine did not change significantly. Discussion Since the decision of the German Federal Court in 2002 ,off label' use goes to the expenses of the prescriber. So the decrease of quetiapine in dementia is probably due to its ,off label' status in dementia. The psychogeriatric indication shift for quetiapine towards affective disorders could be the consequence of good clinical experiences with the drug and growing evidence for its antidepressant effect. Conclusion In addition to controlled pharmacological trials prospective clinical research is needed to evaluate the prescription attitudes of clinicians. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Antipsychotic and mood stabilizer efficacy and tolerability in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar I mania: a comparative analysis of acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trialsBIPOLAR DISORDERS, Issue 2 2010Christoph U Correll Correll CU, Sheridan EM, DelBello MP. Antipsychotic and mood stabilizer efficacy and tolerability in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar I mania: a comparative analysis of acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 116,141. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objective:, To compare antipsychotic and mood stabilizer (MS) efficacy and tolerability in youth and adults with bipolar mania. Methods:, Medline/PubMed search for studies including: (i) youth (< 18 years) or adults (, 18 years); (ii) bipolar I disorder; (iii) double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (DB-RPCT); (iv) , 12 weeks of treatment; and (v) calculable effect sizes (ES) and/or numbers needed to treat/harm (NNT/NNH) ± 95% confidence intervals (CI). Non-overlapping 95% CIs determined significant group differences. Results:, We identified nine DB-RPCTs in youth (n = 1,609), 5 evaluating second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) (n = 1,140) and 4 evaluating MSs (n = 469). We also identified 23 DB-RPCTs in adults (n = 6,501), 14 including SGAs (n = 3,297), 5 using haloperidol as an active comparator (n = 580), and 11 including MSs (n = 2,581). Young Mania Rating Scale scores improved significantly more with SGAs than MSs in youth (ES = 0.65, CI: 0.53,0.78 versus 0.24, CI: 0.06,0.41) and adults (ES = 0.48, CI: 0.41,0.55 versus 0.24, CI: 0.17,0.31). After excluding topiramate studies, SGAs had larger ES than MSs only in youth (ES = 0.65, CI: 0.53,0.78 versus 0.20, CI: 0.02,0.39), but not adults (ES = 0.48, CI: 0.41,0.55 versus 0.46, CI: 0.37,0.55). However, in adults SGAs had significantly larger ES regarding Clinical Global Impressions scores than MSs, even without topiramate (ES = 0.75, CI: 0.68,0.82 versus 0.24, CI: 0.07,0.41). Rates of response, remission, and discontinuation due to any reason compared to placebo were similar between medication and age groups, except for more favorable NNTs for remission with SGAs than MSs in adults after excluding topiramate. SGAs caused more weight gain than MSs in youth (ES = 0.53, CI: 0.41,0.66 versus 0.10, CI: ,0.12,0.33), but not in adults (ES = 0.13, CI: 0.05,0.22 versus 0.00, CI: ,0.08,0.08). However, results were heterogeneous and not significant in either age group after excluding topiramate. Nevertheless, SGA-related weight gain was significantly greater in youth than adults. In youth, SGA-related somnolence was greater than with MSs (NNH = 4.7, CI: 3.9,6.0 versus 9.5, CI: 6.3,23.5), and more likely than in adults (NNH = 7.1, CI: 6.1,8.8). Conversely, youth experienced less akathisia with SGAs than adults (NNH = 20.4, CI: 14.1,36.5 versus 10.2, CI: 8.1,13.7), likely due to lower doses/slower titration. Conclusions:, In treating mania, potentially greater short-term efficacy compared to placebo with SGAs versus MS needs to be balanced against increased adverse events, especially in youth. [source] Asenapine versus olanzapine in acute mania: a double-blind extension studyBIPOLAR DISORDERS, Issue 8 2009Roger S McIntyre Objective:, To assess the efficacy and tolerability of asenapine versus olanzapine in the extended treatment of bipolar mania. Methods:, Patients with bipolar I disorder experiencing acute manic or mixed episodes who completed either of two 3-week, double-blind trials with asenapine 5 or 10 mg twice daily, olanzapine 5 to 20 mg once daily, or placebo were eligible for this 9-week, double-blind extension study. Patients receiving active medication in the 3-week trials continued the same regimen; those who had received placebo were blindly switched to asenapine but were assessed for safety outcomes only. The primary efficacy measure was the change from baseline to day 84 on the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score in the per-protocol population. Results on the primary efficacy outcome were used to determine the noninferiority of asenapine versus olanzapine. Results:, A total of 504 patients (placebo/asenapine, n = 94; asenapine, n = 181; olanzapine, n = 229) were enrolled in the extension study. At day 84, the mean (SD) change from baseline in YMRS total score was ,24.4 (8.7) for asenapine and ,23.9 (7.9) for olanzapine. Prespecified statistical analysis for noninferiority indicated no significant difference between asenapine and olanzapine. The overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar across treatment groups (77% placebo/asenapine, 77% asenapine, 78% olanzapine). Clinically significant weight gain occurred in 10%, 19%, and 31% of the placebo/asenapine, asenapine, and olanzapine groups, respectively. Conclusions:, Asenapine was efficacious, showed noninferiority to olanzapine, and was well tolerated in the extended treatment of patients experiencing manic symptoms associated with bipolar I disorder. [source] Quetiapine for the treatment of bipolar mania in older adultsBIPOLAR DISORDERS, Issue 6 2008Martha Sajatovic Objectives:, A post hoc analysis of pooled data from two quetiapine monotherapy clinical trials was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine therapy (twice daily, 400,800 mg/day) among bipolar manic adults aged 55 years and older. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score at Day 21. A secondary endpoint was change from baseline in YMRS score at Day 84. Methods:, A total of 407 patients made up the safety population, consisting of 59 older adults (aged ,55 years) and 348 younger adults. A total of 403 patients made up the efficacy population, consisting of 59 older adults and 344 younger adults. Efficacy outcomes were analyzed using covariance models (ANCOVA); descriptive statistics are presented for safety outcomes. Results:, Both older and younger individuals treated with quetiapine had significant improvement from baseline on YMRS scores compared with placebo-treated patients. The older adult group demonstrated a sustained reduction in YMRS score compared with placebo that was apparent by Day 4 of treatment. For the quetiapine treatment groups, the most common adverse effects (at a frequency ,10%) were dry mouth, somnolence, postural hypotension, insomnia, weight gain, and dizziness in older adults, and dry mouth, somnolence, and insomnia in younger adults. For the placebo treatment groups, insomnia was the most common adverse event in both older and younger adults. Conclusions:, This secondary analysis suggests that quetiapine represents a potentially useful treatment option among older adults with bipolar I mania. Studies with a primary focus of geriatric bipolar mania, and including larger patient numbers, are needed to confirm these findings. [source] Translating knowledge of genetics and pharmacology into improving everyday practiceBIPOLAR DISORDERS, Issue 2005Lakshmi N Yatham Bipolar disorder is associated with significant morbidity and mortality; however, many aspects of this disorder remain poorly understood. It is likely that rapid advances in molecular genetics and neuroimaging will play a major role in advancing our understanding of bipolar disorder in future. Molecular genetics studies have already identified some candidate genes; for example, the BDNF, G72 and XBP1 genes, and chromosomal ,hot spots', which may confer a predisposition to development of bipolar disorder. Such advances may facilitate earlier, easier and more accurate diagnosis and provide novel targets for the treatment of this condition. Brain imaging studies using positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography have shown that reduction in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2 (5-HT2) receptors may be associated with prevention of or relief from depressive symptoms. Similarly, other imaging studies suggest that increased dopamine levels in the synapse mediate the symptoms of bipolar mania and that reduction in dopamine transmission through reduction in dopamine synthesis or blockade of dopamine D2 receptors may be associated with antimanic effects. The ability of atypical antipsychotics to block both 5-HT2 and D2 receptors and downregulate 5-HT2 receptors may explain how these drugs treat both the depressive and manic symptoms of bipolar disorder. Although molecular genetics and imaging techniques are not yet used as clinical tools for bipolar disorder, they provide valuable data to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and should lead to new treatments and potentially episode prevention. [source] Impact of concurrent alcohol misuse on symptom presentation of acute mania at initial evaluationBIPOLAR DISORDERS, Issue 6 2002Ihsan M Salloum Objectives:, The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of current alcohol misuse on symptom presentation of acute mania. Methods:, The impact of concurrent alcohol misuse on symptom presentation of acute mania was examined by comparing comorbid subjects with acute bipolar mania complicated by current alcohol misuse (n=60) with subjects with acute bipolar mania without current alcohol misuse (n=196). Results:, Age- and gender-controlled analysis revealed that the comorbid group presented with more severe psychopathology, as indicated by higher number of total mood-related symptoms as well as of higher total number of manic symptoms. Specifically, they presented with significantly higher rates of mood lability and impulsivity, and also demonstrated higher rates of violent behavior, and other drug use. Conclusions:, Acute mania complicated by current alcohol misuse is differentiated from acute mania without alcohol misuse by the presence of higher numbers of manic symptoms and increased high risk behavior such as mood lability, impulsivity, violence, and other drug abuse. [source] Tiagabine in treatment refractory bipolar disorder: a clinical case seriesBIPOLAR DISORDERS, Issue 5 2002Trisha Suppes Objectives:, Anticonvulsants have provided major treatment advances for patients with bipolar disorder. Many of these drugs, including several with proven efficacy in bipolar mania or depression, enhance the activity of the ,-amino butyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system. A new anticonvulsant, tiagabine, has selective GABAergic activity and is approved for patients with partial epilepsy. Few reports of its potential effectiveness in bipolar disorder, however, have been published. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of tiagabine added to ongoing medication regimens in patients with bipolar disorder inadequately responsive to or intolerant of usual treatments. Methods:, Seventeen treatment-refractory patients participating in the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network (SFBN) long-term follow-up study were offered open treatment with add-on tiagabine after discussion of the risks, benefits, other treatment options and giving informed consent. Patients' clinical symptoms and somatic complaints were closely monitored with SFBN longitudinal and cross-sectional ratings. Four patients discontinued low-dose tiagabine prior to the second visit and were excluded from data analysis. Results:, Thirteen patients received a mean of 38 days of treatment at a mean dose of 8.7 mg/day of tiagabine. On the Clinical Global Impression Scale for Bipolar Disorder Overall category, three (23%) patients showed much or very much improvement and 10 (77%) patients showed no change or worsening. Three significant adverse events were noted, including two presumptive seizures. Conclusions:, Open add-on tiagabine for treatment-refractory patients with bipolar disorder demonstrated limited efficacy with the majority of patients showing no change or worsening of clinical symptoms. In addition, patients experienced serious side-effects attributed as likely due to the medication, which resolved without lasting consequence when tiagabine was discontinued. [source] | ||||||||||