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Bias Modification (bias + modification)
Selected AbstractsResearch Review: attention bias modification (ABM): a novel treatment for anxiety disordersTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 8 2010Yair Bar-Haim Attention bias modification (ABM) is a newly emerging therapy for anxiety disorders that is rooted in current cognitive models of anxiety and in established experimental data on threat-related attentional biases in anxiety. This review describes the evidence indicating that ABM has the potential to become an enhancing tool for current psychological and pharmacological treatments for anxiety or even a novel standalone treatment. The review also outlines the gaps in need of bridging before ABM techniques could be routinely applied and incorporated into standard treatment protocols. [source] Cognitive mechanisms underlying the emotional effects of bias modificationAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Laura Hoppitt In this study we assessed the cognitive mechanisms underlying the affective consequences of modifying emotional processing biases. During ,active' training participants selected either threatening or non-threatening meanings of emotionally ambiguous words, in contrast to ,passive' conditions in which participants read unambiguous words with equivalent valenced meanings. Both methods enhanced access to training-congruent primed emotional meanings, as assessed in a lexical decision task, although neither method displayed evidence of an induced interpretive bias as it is usually understood. However, consistent with previous research, the methods differed in their emotional consequences: Active training had greater effects on anxiety while viewing an accident video than did passive exposure. We interpret these results to suggest that both forms of training enhance priming of a valenced category, but only active conditions induce an implicit production rule to generate and/or select emotional meanings, and that it is this latter process that is critical to the modification of emotionality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Does modified interpretation bias influence automatic avoidance behaviour?APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Wolf-Gero Lange Cognitive bias modification (CBM) studies suggest a causal role of interpretation biases in the aetiology and maintenance of Social Anxiety Disorder. However, it is unknown if the effects of induced biases transfer to behaviour. In two analogue studies, behavioural changes in response to aversive and positive stimuli were measured after the induction of positive and negative interpretation biases in ,averagely anxious' participants. Responses to emotional multi-facial displays (,crowds') were measured using an indirect Approach,Avoidance Task (AAT). The crowds comprised different ratios of either neutral and angry faces or happy and angry faces. In Experiment 1, negatively trained participants (NETs) showed a faster avoidance response for the neutral,angry crowds when the number of angry pictures in the crowd increased. This response pattern resembles the one previously found in socially anxious individuals. Experiment 2 replicated the effect of the cognitive bias manipulation on conceptually comparable material, but did not show transfer to the behavioural task. These studies add to the body of knowledge regarding successful modification of interpretive bias and generalizability to a behavioural task. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Modifying interpretation and imagination in clinical depression: A single case series using cognitive bias modificationAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Simon E. Blackwell The current cognitive bias modification (CBM) paradigm targets interpretation bias (CBM-I) in depression via promoting positive imagery. We investigated the impact of repeated sessions of this CBM-I on interpretation bias, mood and mental health in participants currently experiencing a major depressive episode. Seven participants completed daily sessions of CBM-I at home for one week in a single case series. Outcome measures were completed pre and post a one-week baseline period, and after the week of daily CBM-I. Depressive symptoms were also assessed at a 2-week follow-up. Four of seven participants demonstrated improvements in mood, bias and/or mental health after one week of CBM-I, with improvements in depressive symptoms maintained at follow-up. Discussion of the remaining three highlights difficulties involved in translating CBM-I interventions from the laboratory to the clinic. To bridge this gap, we suggest that it is critical to examine the failures as well as the successes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||